A flow reactor includes a flow reactor module having a heat exchange fluid enclosure with an inner surface sealed against a surface of a process fluid module, the inner surface having two or more raised ridges crosswise to a heat exchange flow direction from an inflow port or location to an outflow port or location and having a gap of greater than 0.1 mm between the two or more raised ridges and the surface of the process module.

A continuous tubular reactor includes a rotary reaction tube having a reactant inlet and a product outlet, and including a ceramic; a heating device disposed outside the rotary reaction tube; and an angle adjuster adjusting an angle of a rotation axis of the rotary reaction tube. The angle of the rotation axis is 75 or less with respect to a horizontal surface.

Process for manufacturing a lithiated transition metal oxide, said process comprising the steps of (a) mixing at least one lithium salt and a precursor selected from transition metal oxides, transition metal oxyhydroxides, transition metal hydroxides, and transition metal carbonates, (b) pre-calcining the mixture obtained in step (a) at a temperature in the range of from 300 to 700 C., and (c) calcining the pre-calcined mixture according to step (b) in a multi-stage fluidized bed reactor at a temperature in the range of from 550 C. to 950 C.,
wherein the temperatures in step (b) and (c) are selected in a way that step (c) is being performed at a temperature higher than that of step (b).

A gas injection element (10) for a system for distributing a gas inside a chamber of a fluid catalytic cracking unit. This injection member comprises a passage (14) extending entirely therethrough, andan inner ceramic member (20) having an inner surface (22) that entirely delimits the through-passage (14); anda hollow metal sleeve (30), inside which at least a portion of the inner member (20) is received, the sleeve (30) and the inner member (20) respectively having an inner surface (32) and an outer surface (24) with matching shapes allowing the inner member (20) to move relative to the sleeve (30) in a direction parallel to an axis (X) of the passage (14), the outer (32) and inner surfaces (24) being provided with fastening elements (26, 36) that engage to reversibly fasten the sleeve and the inner member.

Process for manufacturing a lithiated transition metal oxide, said process comprising the steps of (a) mixing at least one lithium salt and a precursor selected from transition metal oxides, transition metal oxyhydroxides, transition metal hydroxides, and transition metal carbonates, (b) pre-calcining the mixture obtained in step (a) at a temperature in the range of from 300 to 700 C., and (c) calcining the pre-calcined mixture according to step (b) in a multi-stage fluidized bed reactor at a temperature in the range of from 550 C. to 950 C.,
wherein the temperatures in step (b) and (c) are selected in a way that step (c) is being performed at a temperature higher than that of step (b).

A gas injection element (10) for a system for distributing a gas inside a chamber of a fluid catalytic cracking unit. This injection member comprises a passage (14) extending entirely therethrough, and an inner ceramic member (20) having an inner surface (22) that entirely delimits the through-passage (14); and a hollow metal sleeve (30), inside which at least a portion of the inner member (20) is received, the sleeve (30) and the inner member (20) respectively having an inner surface (32) and an outer surface (24) with matching shapes allowing the inner member (20) to move relative to the sleeve (30) in a direction parallel to an axis (X) of the passage (14), the outer (32) and inner surfaces (24) being provided with fastening elements (26, 36) that engage to reversibly fasten the sleeve and the inner member.

A column for performing thermal separation processes and/or chemical reactions has a vertical outer wall that forms a chamber and a vertical partition subdividing the chamber into two compartments. The partition being formed by flat plates each being made of or covered by heat-insulating material.

Process for manufacturing a lithiated transition metal oxide, said process comprising the steps of (a) mixing at least one lithium salt and a precursor selected from transition metal oxides, transition metal oxyhydroxides, transition metal hydroxides, and transition metal carbonates, (b) pre-calcining the mixture obtained in step (a) at a temperature in the range of from 300 to 700 C., and (c) calcining the pre-calcined mixture according to step (b) in a multi-stage fluidized bed reactor at a temperature in the range of from 550 C. to 950 C., wherein the temperatures in step (b) and (c) are selected in a way that step (c) is being performed at a temperature higher than that of step (b).

A nozzle and methods of gas stripping utilizing the nozzle are provided. A nozzle is provided comprising a ceramic nozzle assembly comprising an inlet at one end of a cylindrical portion, an outlet at one end of a conical portion; the cylindrical portion transitioning to the conical portion at an end of the cylindrical portion distal from the inlet; the conical portion transitioning to the cylindrical portion at an end of the conical portion distal from the outlet; and a ceramic vane assembly within the cylindrical portion; the vane assembly comprising a central vane support located substantially concentrically within the cylindrical portion, and a plurality of angled vanes extending from the central vane support to an inner wall of the cylindrical portion; wherein the ceramic nozzle assembly and the ceramic vane assembly are manufactured such that the two assemblies comprise a single piece of ceramic.

The invention relates to a process for preparation of chlorine from hydrogen chloride comprising circulating a liquid melt comprising copper ions Cu.sup.n+ with n being a number in the range from 1 to 2, alkali cations and chloride ions Cl in a reactor system comprising three bubble lift reactors I, II and III, each comprising a reaction zone i, ii and iii respectively, wherein: ?(a) in the reaction zone i of the first bubble lift reactor I, a liquid melt comprising copper ions Cu.sup.n+, alkali cations and chloride ions Cl is contacted with oxygen at a temperature in the range from 395 to 405? C. so that the molar ratio Cu.sup.n+:Cu.sup.+ in the liquid melt increases, obtaining a liquid melt having an increased molar ratio Cu.sup.n+:Cu.sup.+ ?(b) the liquid melt obtained in (a) is circulated to the reaction zone ii in the second bubble lift reactor II, where the liquid melt is contacted with hydrogen chloride at a temperature in the range from 395 to 405? C. so that water is formed, obtaining a liquid melt being enriched in chloride anions (CI-) compared to the liquid melt obtained according to (a); ?(c) circulating the liquid melt obtained in (b) to the reaction zone iii in the third bubble lift reactor III, which is operated at a temperature in the range from 420 to 430? C. so that chlorine (Cl.sub.2) is formed, wherein Cl.sub.2 is removed from the reaction zone iii and the third bubble lift reactor III respectively in gaseous form, leaving a liquid melt depleted of Cl-compared to the liquid melt obtained according to (b). The invention further relates to a reactor system comprising three bubble lift reactors I, II and III.