Disclosed are a reactor and agitator useful in a high pressure process for making 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1233zd) from the reaction of 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane (240fa) and HF, wherein the agitator includes one or more of the following design improvements: (a) double mechanical seals with an inert barrier fluid or a single seal; (b) ceramics on the rotating faces of the seal; (c) ceramics on the static faces of seal; (d) wetted o-rings constructed of spring-energized Teflon and PTFE wedge or dynamic o-ring designs; and (e) wetted metal surfaces of the agitator constructed of a corrosion resistant alloy.

An analytical device for determining a measured variable dependent on the concentration of one or more constituents of a sample includes a decomposition reactor surrounded by an insulating tube, a heating apparatus, an oxygen production system including at least one oxygen permeable membrane, a housing, and a feed gas guiding system for supplying a feed gas to the at least one membrane of the oxygen production system. The feed gas guiding system includes a reaction space surrounding the at least one membrane and is connected with an inflow duct open to the environment such that at least two partitions are arranged coaxially within the insulating tube and surrounding the decomposition reactor, where the partitions subdivide an intermediate space arranged between the decomposition reactor and the insulating tube into annular chambers forming the feed gas guiding system, where the annular chambers are connected with one another by overflow openings.

A nozzle and methods of gas stripping utilizing the nozzle are provided. A nozzle is provided comprising a ceramic nozzle assembly comprising an inlet at one end of a cylindrical portion, an outlet at one end of a conical portion; the cylindrical portion transitioning to the conical portion at an end of the cylindrical portion distal from the inlet; the conical portion transitioning to the cylindrical portion at an end of the conical portion distal from the outlet; and a ceramic vane assembly within the cylindrical portion; the vane assembly comprising a central vane support located substantially concentrically within the cylindrical portion, and a plurality of angled vanes extending from the central vane support to an inner wall of the cylindrical portion; wherein the ceramic nozzle assembly and the ceramic vane assembly are manufactured such that the two assemblies comprise a single piece of ceramic.

Reaction chamber liners for use in a fluidized bed reactor for production of polysilicon-coated granulate material are disclosed. The liners include an aperture and a cavity configured to receive a reactor component, such as a probe, a sensor, a nozzle, a feed line, a sampling line, a heating/cooling component, or the like. In some embodiments, the liner is a segmented liner comprised of vertically stacked or laterally joined segments, wherein at least one segment includes an aperture and a cavity configured to receive a reactor component.

The invention relates to a cyclone (10) for mechanical separation of particles in suspension in a gas, in particular intended for a fluid catalytic cracking unit, said cyclone comprising the following elements: a separation chamber (101), an inlet duct (102) that opens into the chamber (101), a gas outlet duct (103) located in the upper portion of the chamber (101) and a particle outlet duct (104) located in the lower portion of the chamber (101), characterized in that each element of the cyclone is made of a ceramic material. The invention also relates to a fluid catalytic cracking unit equipped with at least one cyclone made of ceramic material.

Reaction chamber liners for use in a fluidized bed reactor for production of polysilicon-coated granulate material are disclosed. The liners include an aperture and a cavity configured to receive a reactor component, such as a probe, a sensor, a nozzle, a feed line, a sampling line, a heating/cooling component, or the like. In some embodiments, the liner is a segmented liner comprised of vertically stacked or laterally joined segments, wherein at least one segment includes an aperture and a cavity configured to receive a reactor component.

The present invention relates to a fluidized bed reactor, comprising a reaction tube, a distributor and a heating device, the reaction tube and the distributor at the bottom of the reaction tube composing a closed space, the distributor comprising a gas inlet and a product outlet, and the reaction tube comprising a tail gas outlet and a seed inlet at the top or upper part respectively, characterized in that the reaction tube comprises a reaction inner tube and a reaction outer tube, and the heating device is an induction heating device placed within a hollow cavity formed between the external wall of the reaction inner tube and the internal wall of the reaction outer tube, wherein the hollow cavity is filled with hydrogen, nitrogen or inert gas for protection, and is able to maintain a pressure of about 0.01 to about 5 MPa; and also to a process of producing high purity granular polysilicon using the reactor. The fluidized bed reactor according to the present invention uses induction heating to heat directly the silicon particles inside the reaction chamber, such that the temperature of the reaction tube is lower than that inside the reaction chamber, which accordingly avoids deposition on the tube wall and results in more uniform heating, and thus is useful for large diameter fluidized bed reactors with much increased output for a single reactor.

Apparatus and methods are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. A hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process.

Disclosed herein is a solar thermochemical reactor comprising an outer member, an inner member disposed within an outer member, wherein the outer member surrounds the inner member and wherein the outer member has an aperture for receiving solar radiation and wherein an inner cavity and an outer cavity are formed by the inner member and outer member and a reactive material capable of being magnetically stabilized wherein the reactive material is disposed in the outer cavity between the inner member and the outer member.

Apparatus and methods are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. A hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process.