One of the purposes is to provide a pulse discharge power supply for use in generating pulse discharge. The pulse discharge power supply includes a pulse generation unit, a control circuit, an electric current detector and an electric current signal processing unit. The pulse generation unit generates a first pulse, and applies it to a discharge load for generating pulse discharge. The electric current detector detects an electric current flowing into the discharge load in accordance with the application of the pulse. The electric current signal processing unit outputs into the control circuit a signal based on an integration result of the electric current having been detected. The control circuit controls the generation of a second pulse in the pulse generation unit based on the signal being received.

A hydrogen generation method including steps as follows: adding a nitrogen-substituted derivative of an alkyldithiolate ruthenium complex as a biomimetic hydrogenase photocatalyst into a solution, adding an organic acid into the solution, adding a P-ligand into the solution, adding an electron donor into the solution, and irradiating the solution with light in order to generate hydrogen.

The array induced electric field fluid reaction system includes a reaction unit array with a plurality of reaction units interactively connected as a network configuration, a power supply and a sample container, wherein each reaction unit has a closed iron core, a primary coil and a secondary coil. The primary coil and secondary coil are, respectively, wound around two sides of the closed iron core, and the secondary coil has an insulation pipe for circulating the reaction medium. When the array induced electric field fluid reaction system operates, no charged needle-type electrodes or electrode plates are inserted into the reaction medium. Electrochemical reaction and metal contamination may be avoided. The reaction units can form an array network connection and series/parallel connection, and when the induced electric field in each reaction unit is acted on the reaction medium, specific reaction effects may be achieved.

Methods, apparatuses, and systems are provided for using laser ablation to manufacture nanoparticles. An example method includes steps of generating, by a laser beam generator, a laser beam, splitting, by a set of beam splitters, the laser beam into a plurality of derivative laser beams, and directing each derivative laser beam towards a plurality of targets. In this example method, the plurality of targets are submerged in corresponding synthesis solvents within corresponding synthesis chambers. Moreover, interaction of each derivative laser beam with its corresponding target releases nanoparticles into the corresponding synthesis solvent to create a nanoparticle solution including both the corresponding synthesis solvent and the released nanoparticles.

The present invention relates to a quantum dot containing a metastable phase which contains at least partly a crystal structure at quantum dot synthesis temperature at room temperature.

The photoreactor comprises at least one housing (11) for at least one reaction vessel and at least one light source for lighting said at least one reaction vessel, and the photoreactor comprises: a first module (1) provided with said at least one housing (11) for at least one reaction vessel and comprising a cooling/heating circuit (15) for regulating the temperature of said at least one reaction vessel; a second module (2) provided with said at least one light source; and a thermal insulating layer (5) placed between the first module (1) and the second module (2).

It improves reproducibility of the reactions by temperature and light intensity control.

A microwave reactor includes a chamber, at least one microwave source, a sprayer and a vapor extractor. The chamber includes a containing space and a reacting space. The containing space is communicated with the reacting space and provided for containing a reactant. The microwave source is connected to one side wall of the reacting space of the chamber. The sprayer is communicated with the containing space of the chamber for turning the reactant into a mist and spraying the mist in the reacting space of the chamber. The vapor extractor is connected to the reacting space. When the water contained in the mist is gasified to produces a water vapor, the water vapor can be exhausted from the chamber by the vapor extractor.

Embodiments of the subject invention are directed to methods and apparatus for inducing mixing in a fluid using one or more plasma actuators. In an embodiment, a pair of electrodes is positioned near a fluid and a voltage potential is applied across the pair of electrodes such that a plasma discharge is produced in the fluid. In an embodiment, the plasma discharge creates turbulence in the fluid thereby mixing the fluid. In an embodiment, flow structures, such as vortices are generated in the fluid. In an embodiment, the fluid is mixed in three dimensions. In an embodiment, a plurality of fluids are mixed. In an embodiment, solids are dispersed in at least one fluid. In an embodiment, heat or other properties are dispersed within at least one fluid. In an embodiment, at least one of the pair of electrodes has a serpentine shape.

A thermal and non-thermal plasma activated water reactor system is provided that includes a reaction chamber, where the reaction chamber includes a gas inlet, a water inlet, a gas and water outlet, a ground electrode and reaction electrodes, where the water inlet and the water outlet are disposed to form a water vortex in the reaction chamber when water flows there through, where the reaction electrodes include a thermal plasma electrode and a non-thermal plasma electrode, and a plasma activated water reservoir that is disposed to receive the plasma activated water from the reaction chamber and disposed to return the plasma activated water to the reaction chamber.

A method of processing a liquid by an alternating electromagnetic field includes: generating DC pulses by a pulse generator; and applying the DC pulses to a parallel oscillating circuit connected in parallel to the pulse generator. The parallel oscillating circuit includes an inductor connected in parallel to a capacitor. In response to the DC pulses, self-oscillations arise in the parallel oscillating circuit, the self-oscillations producing an alternating current in the inductor; and the inductor generates the alternating electromagnetic field for processing the liquid.