Systems and methods for making ceramic powders configured with consistent, tailored characteristics and/or properties are provided herein. In some embodiments a system for making ceramic powders, includes: a reactor body having a reaction chamber and configured with a heat source to provide a hot zone along the reaction chamber; a sweep gas inlet configured to direct a sweep gas into the reaction chamber and a sweep gas outlet configured to direct an exhaust gas from the reaction chamber; a plurality of containers, within the reactor body, configured to retain at least one preform, wherein each container is configured to permit the sweep gas to flow therethrough, wherein the preform is configured to permit the sweep gas to flow there through, such that the precursor mixture is reacted in the hot zone to form a ceramic powder product having uniform properties.

The present invention relates generally to an apparatus for housing a chemical looping process comprising of at least one fluidized-bed combustor reactor, at least one entrained riser, at least one particle separator, optionally at least one particle holding reactor, at least one moving-bed reactor, at least one standpipe, at least one L-valve system for solid flow control and interconnecting sections.

The present invention relates generally to an apparatus for housing a chemical looping process comprising of at least one fluidized-bed combustor reactor, at least one entrained riser, at least one particle separator, optionally at least one particle holding reactor, at least one moving-bed reactor, at least one standpipe, at least one L-valve system for solid flow control and interconnecting sections.

An agitator or mixer installed in a solid-liquid-gas/slurry reactor in which gas removal from the slurry and foam destruction is promoted. The reaction mixer includes a vessel and an agitator assembly. The vessel is for containing the solid-liquid-gas mixture and defines two mixing zones within a given volume; a first mixing zone and a second mixing zone located above the first mixing zone. The agitator assembly is positionable within the vessel and comprises a rotatable shaft and a first and second impeller coupled to the shaft. The first axial impeller is locatable within the first mixing zone and is configured to pump the liquid in a downward direction along a vertical axis of rotation. The second impeller is locatable within the second fluxing zone and is configured to pump the liquid in an upward direction along the vertical axis of rotation.

A dehydrogenation chemical reactor includes: a housing; a catalyst part made of a thermally conductive material and disposed in the housing, where the catalyst part has a panel shape, and a catalyst is coated on a surface of the catalyst part to separate hydrogen from an organic hydrogen carrier; a heat transfer pipe which is installed to contact the catalyst part, and conducts latent heat to the catalyst part while pressurized and saturated fluid is supplied therein; and an organic hydrogen carrier line which is connected to the housing to form a passage in which the organic hydrogen carrier is introduced into the housing, contacts the catalyst part to separate hydrogen, and then is discharged.

Systems and methods for making ceramic powders configured with consistent, tailored characteristics and/or properties are provided herein. In some embodiments a system for making ceramic powders, includes: a reactor body having a reaction chamber and configured with a heat source to provide a hot zone along the reaction chamber; a sweep gas inlet configured to direct a sweep gas into the reaction chamber and a sweep gas outlet configured to direct an exhaust gas from the reaction chamber; a plurality of containers, within the reactor body, configured to retain at least one preform, wherein each container is configured to permit the sweep gas to flow therethrough, wherein the preform is configured to permit the sweep gas to flow there through, such that the precursor mixture is reacted in the hot zone to form a ceramic powder product having uniform properties.

An object of the present invention is to provide an optical multipass cell that is compact and low cost, does not require the installation of a cooling mechanism around the mirror, and can increase the number of reflections of laser light, and the present invention provides an optical multipass cell comprising a container (3) to which a sample gas is supplied and a pair of concave mirrors (5 and 7) arranged so as to face each other inside the container (3), a laser beam is incident into the container (3), and the laser beam is multiply reflected between the concave mirrors (5 and 7), wherein at least one convex lens (9) is arranged on the optical path of the laser beam that is multiply reflected between the pair of concave mirrors (5 and 7) so that the central axis (C.sub.2) thereof is inclined with respect to the central axis (C.sub.1) of the concave mirrors (5 and 7), and an acute angle formed by the central axis (C.sub.2) of the convex lens (9) and the central axis (C.sub.1) of the concave mirrors (5 and 7) is equal to or less than a critical angle when the laser beam is emitted from the convex lens (9).

The present disclosure provides device comprising a cylindrical reaction vessel having one or more permeable cylindrical membranes disposed therein separating the cylindrical reaction vessel into at least a first portion and a second portion, wherein the one or more permeable cylindrical membranes are configured to permit first reactants from a first solution in the first portion or reactants from a second solution in the second portion to percolate or seep to a reaction zone proximate a surface of the one or more cylindrical membranes. A lifting device (mechanism) located above the first portion of the cylindrical reaction vessel configured to continuously draw a preform two-dimensional polymer tube formed by continuous reaction of the first and second reactants out from the reaction zone.

Disclosed apparatuses, systems, and materials relate to the disassociation of feedstock species (such as those in gaseous form) into constituent components, and may include an energy generator configured to provide a microwave energy. A first chamber defines a first volume and is configured to guide the microwave energy along the first chamber as a sinusoidal wave having an energy maxima at a point along the first chamber. A second chamber contains a plasma plume and is positioned substantially proximal to the first chamber, and is configured to enable propagation of the microwave energy through the first chamber and the second chamber such that the microwave energy demonstrates, at a radial center of the second chamber, a coaxial energy maxima configured to ignite the plasma plume contained in the second chamber. Carbon-containing materials may be formed by controlling flow parameters of the feedstock species into the first or second chamber.

A dehydrogenation chemical reactor includes: a housing; a catalyst part made of a thermally conductive material and disposed in the housing, where the catalyst part has a panel shape, and a catalyst is coated on a surface of the catalyst part to separate hydrogen from an organic hydrogen carrier; a heat transfer pipe which is installed to contact the catalyst part, and conducts latent heat to the catalyst part while pressurized and saturated fluid is supplied therein; and an organic hydrogen carrier line which is connected to the housing to form a passage in which the organic hydrogen carrier is introduced into the housing, contacts the catalyst part to separate hydrogen, and then is discharged.