A method and composition for reducing halogenated decomposition byproducts and precursors of the byproducts in the water and air of an aquatic facility. The composition contains a water soluble metal-porphyrin catalyst that accelerates oxidation of the halogenated decomposition byproducts and their precursors. The catalyst remains stable and only requires replenishment relative to the makeup water added to the treated aquatic facility. The average time interval of replenishment can be measured in weeks or months.

A catalyst having a specific structure and a method of preparing the catalyst is disclosed. A composition is also disclosed, which comprises: (A) an unsaturated compound including at least one aliphatically unsaturated group per molecule, subject to at least one of the following two provisos: (1) the (A) unsaturated compound also includes at least one silicon-bonded hydrogen atom per molecule; and/or (2) the composition further comprises (B) a silicon hydride compound including at least one silicon-bonded hydrogen atom per molecule. The composition further comprises (C) the catalyst. A method of preparing a hydrosilylation reaction product and a dehydrogenative silylation reaction product are also disclosed.

Novel compositions of matter based on homopiperazine precursor materials and forming a homopiperazine-based ligand are disclosed, along with suitable techniques and materials for the synthesis and utilization thereof. In particular various synthetic schemes and techniques for applying the disclosed compositions of matter as a decontaminating agent. The decontaminating agents include homopiperazine-based ligand-metal complexes that are particularly effective at neutralizing toxicity of nerve agents, pesticides, and other toxic organophosphorus-based compounds. In preferred approaches, the homopiperazine-based ligand-metal complexes act as catalysts to facilitate substitution of a leaving group of the organophosphorus-based compound with a functional group that does not permit the organophosphorus-based compound to inactivate acetylcholinesterase upon introduction of the organophosphorus-based compound to a living organism such as insects and mammals. Advantageously, the catalytic homopiperazine-based ligand-metal complexes are formed using inexpensive, readily-available precursor materials, and may be utilized to neutralize toxins without relying on damaging caustic reactants or environmentally unfriendly organic solvents.

A process for producing a silylated product comprises reacting a mixture comprising (a) an unsaturated compound containing at least one unsaturated functional group, (b) a silyl hydride containing at least one silylhydride functional group, and (c) a catalyst, optionally in the presence of a solvent, to produce a dehydrogenative silylated product, a hydrosilylated product, or a combination of a dehydrogenative silylated product and a hydrosilylated product, wherein the catalyst is chosen from a pyridine diimine cobalt dicarboxylate complex or a cobalt carboxylate compound, and the process is conducted without pre-activating the catalyst via a reducing agent and/or without an initiator or promoter compound. The present catalysts have been found to be active in the presence of the silyl hydride employed in the silylation reaction.

The present invention discloses a cobalt compound of formula (I), a process for the preparation and use thereof. The present invention further relates to a pharmaceutical composition and a method inhibition of Tau Aggregation in a subject in need thereof using compound of formula (I).

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Catalysts prepared from abundant, cost effective metals, such as cobalt, nickel, chromium, manganese, iron, and copper, and containing one or more neutrally charged ligands (e.g., monodentate, bidentate, and/or polydentate ligands) and methods of making and using thereof are described herein. Exemplary ligands include, but are not limited to, phosphine ligands, nitrogen-based ligands, sulfur-based ligands, and/or arsenic-based ligands. In some embodiments, the catalyst is a cobalt-based catalyst or a nickel-based catalyst. The catalysts described herein are stable and active at neutral pH and in a wide range of buffers that are both weak and strong proton acceptors. While its activity is slightly lower than state of the art cobalt-based water oxidation catalysts under some conditions, it is capable of sustaining electrolysis at high applied potentials without a significant degradation in catalytic current. This enhanced robustness gives it an advantage in industrial and large-scale water electrolysis schemes.

A liquid phase selective oxidation process is described. The process involves the partial oxidation of alkanes to partially oxidized products. A lower alkane, a solvent, and a soluble metal catalyst are contacted in the presence of an oxidizing agent in a reaction zone under partial oxidation conditions to produce the partially oxidized products. The partially oxidized products include one or more of lower alkyl alcohols, lower alkyl ketones, and lower alkyl acetates. The soluble metal catalyst is a soluble metal salt of cobalt, manganese, chromium, titanium, copper, nickel, vanadium, iron, molybdenum, tin, cerium, zirconium, or combinations thereof, and the promoter comprises a bromine source, an imide source, or combinations thereof.

Among other things, the present invention encompasses the applicant's recognition that epoxide carbonylation can be performed industrially utilizing syngas streams containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and varying amounts carbon dioxide. Contrary to expectation, the epoxide carbonylation reaction proceeds selectively in the presence of these mixed gas streams and incorporates excess CO in the syngas stream into valuable chemical precursors, resulting in hydrogen streams substantially free of CO. This is economically and environmentally preferable to performing WSGR which releases the excess carbon as CO2. The integrated processes herein therefore provide improved carbon efficiency for processes based on coal or biomass gasification or steam methane reforming.

Catalysts and methods for transformation of glycerol and a carbon feedstock, such as CO.sub.2, a carbonate salt or a bicarbonate salt, are described herein. Homogeneous catalysts include compounds of formula M[NHC-R-linker]aLbXc, where M is a transition metal, NHC is an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand, R is an alkyl or aryl group, linker is a polar group, L is a neutral ligand, X is an anionic ligand, a ranges from 1-3, b ranges from 0-3, and c ranges from 0-3. Heterogeneous catalysts include a solid support with a catalytically active compound immobilized on the solid support, where the catalytically active compound has the formula M[NHC-R-linker]aLbXc where M is a transition metal, NHC is an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand, R is an alkyl or aryl group; linker is a polar group, L is a neutral ligand, X is an anionic ligand, a ranges from 1-3, b ranges from 0-3, and c ranges from 0-3.

The present invention is intended to provide a radical generating catalyst that can generate (produce) radicals under mild conditions. In order to achieve the above object, the first radical generating catalyst of the present invention includes: at least one selected from the group consisting of amino acids, peptides, phospholipids, and salts thereof. The second or third radical generating catalyst of the present invention includes an ammonium salt represented by the following chemical formula (XI) (excluding peroxodisulfate) and having a Lewis acidity of 0.4 eV or more.

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