Various apparatus, systems, and methods for measuring a solution characteristic of a sample comprising microorganisms are disclosed. In one embodiment, a sensor apparatus is disclosed comprising a sample container comprising a sample chamber configured to receive the sample and a reference sensor component comprising a reference conduit having a reference conduit cavity defined therein. The reference conduit cavity can be at least partially filled with a reference buffer gel, buffer solution, or wicking component. A segment of the reference conduit can extend into the sample chamber. A reference electrode material can be positioned at a proximal end of the wicking component or extend partially into the reference conduit cavity. The sensor apparatus can also comprise an active sensor component having an active electrode in fluid contact with the sample. The sample in the sample chamber can be aerated through an aeration port defined along a surface of the sample container.

Provided is a cell culture test device including a plurality of well units. Each of the well units includes a first inlet portion through which a first fluid is introduced, a first accommodation space communicating with the first inlet portion to accommodate a flow of the first fluid introduced through the first inlet portion, a second inlet portion through which a second fluid is introduced, and a second accommodation space in which the second fluid is accommodated. The second accommodation space accommodates an island structure connected with an island-connecting structure extending from the wall surface of the second accommodation space. A third inlet portion through which an antibiotic is loaded is formed above the island structure. The antibiotic loaded through the third inlet portion is fixedly accommodated on the inner and outer surfaces of the island structure.

A radiosynthesis system is disclosed that leverages droplet microfluidic radiosynthesis and its inherent advantages including reduction of reagent consumption and the ability to achieve high molar activity even when using low starting radioactivity. The radiosynthesis system enables the parallel synthesis of radiolabeled compounds using droplet-sized reaction volumes. In some embodiments, a single heater is used to create multiple reaction or synthesis sites. In other embodiments, separate heaters are used to create independently-controlled heating conditions at the multiple reaction or synthesis sites. In one embodiment, a four-heater setup was developed that utilizes a multi-reaction microfluidic chip and was assessed for the suitability with high-throughput radiosynthesis optimization. Replicates of several radiochemical operations including the full synthesis of various PET tracers revealed the platform to have high repeatability (e.g., consistent fluorination efficiency). The system may also be used for synthesis optimization.

The present invention relates to a microfluidic cell culture system comprising at least one microfluidic structure, wherein the at least one microfluidic structure comprises a cell culture chamber, a first and second reservoir in fluid communication with each other via the cell culture chamber, wherein the microfluidic cell culture system further comprises a detachable seal for sealing the at least one microfluidic structure and wherein the microfluidic cell culture system is configured such that the first and second reservoir of the at least one microfluidic structure are in fluid communication with each other via a communication channel that does not comprise the cell culture chamber.

The invention relates to a method of forming a sensing device for supporting a plurality of nanopores upon an array of wells. The method involves providing a substrate, said substrate having a surface having an array of electrodes located thereon for connecting to or for configuring upon an electronic circuit. Separately, a well array structure is provided, which has an array of walls defining through-holes for defining wells. The substrate and well array structures are aligning said array of electrodes define, at least in part, a portion of the bases of respective wells at the bottom of the through holes. The resulting sensing device overcomes problems with known sensing devices by employing a substrate and/or well array structure, or hybrid thereof, that employs alternative materials or manufacturing processes.

Disclosed herein, inter alia, are nanoarrays and methods of use thereof.

Systems and methods are provided for sample processing. A device may be provided, capable of receiving the sample, and performing one or more of a sample preparation, sample assay, and detection step. The device may be capable of performing multiple assays. The device may comprise one or more modules that may be capable of performing one or more of a sample preparation, sample assay, and detection step. The device may be capable of performing the steps using a small volume of sample.

A method to monitor and control the temperature of a sample holder of a laboratory instrument during execution of a temperature profile on the sample holder is presented. The laboratory instrument comprises a sample holder with high temperature uniformity and at least three identical temperature sensors. The measured actual temperatures of the sample holder are processed in order to determine if the execution of the temperature profile should be continued or aborted. Furthermore, temperature sensors which measure actual temperatures that do not fulfil certain requirements are excluded from further monitoring and controlling the temperature of a sample holder.

A method for assessing an assessment target according to an embodiment includes: a step of acquiring statistical information based on at least one color feature quantity with respect to each of a plurality of assessment regions in a plate image corresponding to an image of an assessment plate that holds an assessment target in a plurality of wells provided in the plate; and a step of determining a color of the plurality of assessment regions by using the statistical information. The assessment target includes a tester, the plurality of wells include a test substance well holding the assessment target that further includes a test substance, the plate image includes a plurality of well images corresponding to the plurality of wells, and each of the plurality of assessment regions includes at least one well image corresponding to at least one of the wells.

Devices and methods for multi-well plate liquid distribution are provided. Devices herein provide a plurality of dispensing stations configured to receive and dispense or disburse liquid to the wells of a multi-well plate. The dispensing stations include dispensing surfaces configured to receive liquid droplets dispensed by manual or automatic pipettes. The dispensing surfaces are configured to retain received liquids until force is applied and distribution to the wells of the multi-well plate occurs. Devices and methods provided herein increase the consistency of laboratory results in procedures requiring liquid distribution.