The invention provides a flame-retardant biaxially-oriented polyester film which is porous, and has high reflectance. The flame-retardant biaxially-oriented polyester film contains a polymer component containing polyethylene terephthalate and a flame retardant. The polyester film has an intrinsic viscosity of 0.50 to 0.64 dL/g and a density of 1.21 to 1.27 g/cm.sup.3. A content of the polyethylene terephthalate in the polyester film is 70 to 97% by mass. The flame retardant contains at least one phosphorus-based flame retardant selected from the group consisting of a phosphinate and a diphosphinate. A content of the phosphorus-based flame retardant in the polyester film is 3 to 8% by mass. The polyester film is a porous film having an average reflectance of 60 to 74% at a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm. The polyester film has a thickness of 15 to 45 μm.

A method of manufacturing a coextruded and/or laminated and biaxially oriented composite film and a resulting multilayered film which has improved processability and/or improved recyclability. For this purpose, the method and multilayered film provides a novel combination of the density of various layer components of the composite film and certain manufacturing parameters such as the stretching factors, relaxation factors, relaxation temperatures, and residual stretching factors.

A method of manufacturing a coextruded and/or laminated and biaxially oriented composite film and a resulting multilayered film which has improved processability and/or improved recyclability. For this purpose, the method and multilayered film provides a novel combination of the density of various layer components of the composite film and certain manufacturing parameters such as the stretching factors, relaxation factors, relaxation temperatures, and residual stretching factors.

Embodiments of the present invention relate to polyethylene-based compositions, monolayer films, multilayer films, laminates, and articles. In one aspect, a polyethylene-based composition comprises (A) at least 95% by weight, based on the total weight of the polyethylene-based composition, of one or more polyethylenes; and (B) 250 to 15,000 ppm, based on the total weight of the polyethylene-based composition, of a polydimethylsiloxane having a number average molecular weight (M.sub.n) of 1,000 to 40,000 g/mol, wherein the polyethylene-based composition has a density of 0.865 to 0.915 g/cm.sup.3 and a melt index (I.sub.2) of 0.5 to 25 g/10 minutes.

Embodiments of the present invention relate to polyethylene-based compositions, monolayer films, multilayer films, laminates, and articles. In one aspect, a polyethylene-based composition comprises (A) at least 95% by weight, based on the total weight of the polyethylene-based composition, of one or more polyethylenes; and (B) 250 to 15,000 ppm, based on the total weight of the polyethylene-based composition, of a polydimethylsiloxane having a number average molecular weight (M.sub.n) of 1,000 to 40,000 g/mol, wherein the polyethylene-based composition has a density of 0.865 to 0.915 g/cm.sup.3 and a melt index (I.sub.2) of 0.5 to 25 g/10 minutes.

Provided is a biaxially oriented polypropylene film that has high stiffness and can easily retain a bag shape when made into a packaging bag even if made thinner, and at the same time, that can maintain water vapor barrier properties even if made thinner, and has few wrinkles in and around the sealed portion when heat-sealed to make a packaging bag. The biaxially oriented polypropylene film satisfies the following (1), (2), and (3): (1) the heat shrinkage ratio at 150° C. is 10% or lower in the longitudinal direction and 30% or lower in the width direction; (2) the tensile elastic modulus at 23° C. in the width direction is 6.0 GPa or more; (3) the heat shrinkage ratio (%) at 150° C. and the tensile elastic modulus (GPa) at 23° C. in the width direction satisfy the following formula. Tensile elastic modulus (GPa)≥Heat shrinkage ratio (%)×0.1+6.0

In an embodiment, a process for producing a functional-substance thin film material for which a required heating temperature for finishing is 100-130° C. is characterized in that a PP film 2 is releasably laminated to a surface of a PET film 1 with a non-silicone adhesive layer 3 so that the strength of adhesion of the PP film 2 by the non-silicone adhesive layer 3 is regulated so as to prevent the PP film 2 from suffering thermal deformation when a functional substance superposed in a thin film form on the other surface of the PP film 2 is heated to 100-130° C. in order to finally convert the functional substance into a functional-substance thin film material 4.

In an embodiment, a process for producing a functional-substance thin film material for which a required heating temperature for finishing is 100-130° C. is characterized in that a PP film 2 is releasably laminated to a surface of a PET film 1 with a non-silicone adhesive layer 3 so that the strength of adhesion of the PP film 2 by the non-silicone adhesive layer 3 is regulated so as to prevent the PP film 2 from suffering thermal deformation when a functional substance superposed in a thin film form on the other surface of the PP film 2 is heated to 100-130° C. in order to finally convert the functional substance into a functional-substance thin film material 4.

The present disclosure relates to stretching apparatus and method for aligning microfibrils. Specifically, the present disclosure provides an apparatus for aligning microfibrils along a single direction, which includes: a first elastic substrate onto which a composition containing microfibrils is loaded; and a stretching module which stretches the width of the elastic substrate. In accordance with the apparatus the present disclosure, microfibrils or cells may be aligned along a particular direction simply by pulling and then releasing the elastic substrate. The present disclosure is also useful for culturing of the aligned cells because the physiological activity of the cells can be maintained and cytotoxicity can be prevented.

The present disclosure relates to stretching apparatus and method for aligning microfibrils. Specifically, the present disclosure provides an apparatus for aligning microfibrils along a single direction, which includes: a first elastic substrate onto which a composition containing microfibrils is loaded; and a stretching module which stretches the width of the elastic substrate. In accordance with the apparatus the present disclosure, microfibrils or cells may be aligned along a particular direction simply by pulling and then releasing the elastic substrate. The present disclosure is also useful for culturing of the aligned cells because the physiological activity of the cells can be maintained and cytotoxicity can be prevented.