A system and method for reinforcing a spa shell includes a structural support layer on an underside of the spa shell. The structural support layer may include an inner layer of rigidizer, a central foam layer, and an outer layer of rigidizer. The structural support layer may extend from a bottom side of the underside of the spa shell, across at least one sidewall of the underside of the spa shell to a lip of the spa shell, the structural support layer forming at least one rib along the sidewall of the underside of the spa shell.

An example extrusion blow molding (EBM) method includes extruding first and second colors of plastic to form a parison that includes an inner layer of the first color of plastic, and an outer layer of the second color of plastic. The parison is placed in a mold, the mold is closed, and the parison is inflated to create a blow molded structure. A portion of an interior of the blow molded structure is formed of the first color of plastic, and a portion of an exterior of the blow molded structure is formed of a blend of the first color of plastic and the second color of plastic.

An example extrusion blow molding (EBM) method includes extruding first and second colors of plastic to form a parison that includes an inner layer of the first color of plastic, and an outer layer of the second color of plastic. The parison is placed in a mold, the mold is closed, and the parison is inflated to create a blow molded structure. A portion of an interior of the blow molded structure is formed of the first color of plastic, and a portion of an exterior of the blow molded structure is formed of a blend of the first color of plastic and the second color of plastic.

A relatively thick, rubberized adhesive tape is applied to an article to repair, patch, bond, seal, or waterproof the article, to join two or more articles, and/or to modify the appearance and/or physical properties of the article, such as by thermal insulation, shock resistance, vibration resistance, electrical insulation, and the like.

An underwater structure includes a half cylinder with ribs arranged on an interior surface. The half cylinder and the ribs are a semi-monocoque structure including a fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite.

A method for manufacturing an integrated hull by using 3D structure type fiber clothes and 3D vacuum infusion process includes: sequentially stacking at least one first fiber cloth, at least one core material and at least one second fiber cloth on a mold; deploying structural materials on the second fiber cloth; stacking the third fiber clothes to cover the structure materials and a part of the second fiber cloth, whereby the first fiber cloth, the core material, the second fiber cloth and the third fiber clothes are formed to a lamination; determining a pipe arrangement of vacuum pipes and first and second resin pipes; deploying a vacuum bag on the lamination and covering the first and second resin pipes and the vacuum pipe; executing the 3D vacuum infusion process; curing the resin; and executing a mold release process to complete an integrated hull.

In a method for producing a hull wall of a fiber composite sandwich component, shaped bodies of extruded polystyrene hard foam are enveloped with an envelope of fiber composite material with fibers oriented at least bidirectionally. The enveloped shaped bodies have a shape for forming a hull wall and are placed next to each other in a vacuum injection structure on a lower cover layer of fiber composite material. An upper cover layer of fiber composite material is placed on top of the enveloped shaped bodies and the vacuum injection structure is sealed. Matrix material is introduced and distributed in the vacuum injection structure until the fiber composite material of the envelopes and of the upper and lower cover layers is impregnated completely with the matrix material. The matrix material is cured and the fiber composite sandwich component of the hull wall is removed from the vacuum injection structure.

An additive manufacturing method ay includes depositing thermoplastic material with an additive manufacturing apparatus to form a first section of a mold of a marine article. The first section includes an interior surface having a shape corresponding to a first portion of a hull of the marine article and a support portion including a support surface, the support portion being integrally formed with the interior surface. The method also includes depositing thermoplastic material to form a second section of a mold of a marine article, the second section including an interior surface having a shape corresponding to a second portion of a hull of the marine article. The method also includes joining the first section and the first section together to form at least a portion of the mold.

An additive manufacturing method includes providing material to an extruder of an additive manufacturing apparatus, heating the material to form a flowable material, and depositing a first layer of the flowable material from a nozzle of the additive manufacturing apparatus to form part of a hull portion of a plug for a marine article. The method also includes depositing a second layer of the flowable material from the nozzle of the additive manufacturing apparatus to form part of a deck portion of the plug for the marine article.

An example extrusion blow molding (EBM) method includes extruding first and second colors of plastic to form a parison that includes an inner layer of the first color of plastic, and an outer layer of the second color of plastic. The parison is placed in a mold, the mold is closed, and the parison is inflated to create a blow molded structure. A portion of an interior of the blow molded structure is formed of the first color of plastic, and a portion of an exterior of the blow molded structure is formed of a blend of the first color of plastic and the second color of plastic.