The present invention relates to a process for producing corrosion resistant alloy-clad metal pipes by: (a) providing one or more pipes to be clad; (b) providing an exothermic mixture; 5 (c) loading and distributing the exothermic mixture into the one or more pipes in a cladding assembly at a rotational speed suitable to generate a centrifugal force of at most 10 times the gravitational force; (d) igniting the loaded exothermic mixture using an ignition system at a rotational speed generating a centrifugal force of at least 50 times the gravitational force; 10 and (e) applying a post cladding pipe procedure.

A laminate including a metallic base material, a nickel-containing plating film layer formed on the metallic base material, and a gold plating film layer formed on the nickel-containing plating film layer, in which pinholes in the gold plating film layer are sealed with a fluorinated passive film having a thickness of 8 nm or greater. Also disclosed is a constituent member of a semiconductor production device including the laminate and a method for producing the laminate.

An electrolyte solution for iron-tungsten plating is prepared by dissolving in an aqueous medium a divalent iron salt (e.g., iron (II) sulfate) and an alkali metal citrate (e.g., sodium citrate, potassium citrate, or other alkali metal citrate) to form a first solution, dissolving in the first solution a tungstate salt (e.g., sodium tungstate, potassium tungstate, or other potassium tungstate) to form a second solution, and dissolving in the second solution a citric acid to form the electrolyte solution. An iron-tungsten coating is formed on a substrate using the electrolyte solution by passing a current between a cathode and an anode through the electrolyte solution to deposit iron and tungsten on the substrate.

A surface-treated steel sheet for a battery container, including a steel sheet, an iron-nickel diffusion layer formed on the steel sheet, and a nickel layer formed on the iron-nickel diffusion layer and constituting the outermost layer, wherein when the Fe intensity and the Ni intensity are continuously measured from the surface of the surface-treated steel sheet for a battery container along the depth direction with a high frequency glow discharge optical emission spectrometric analyzer, the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer being the difference between the depth at which the Fe intensity exhibits a first predetermined value and the depth at which the Ni intensity exhibits a second predetermined value is 0.04 to 0.31 μm; and the total amount of the nickel contained in the iron-nickel diffusion layer and the nickel contained in the nickel layer is 4.4 g/m.sup.2 or more and less than 10.8 g/m.sup.2.

A coated metallic substrate is provided, including, at least; one layer of oxides, such layer being directly topped by an intermediate coating layer comprising Fe, Ni, Cr and Ti wherein the amount of Ti is above or equal to 5 wt. % and wherein the following equation is satisfied: 8 wt. %<Cr+Ti<40 wt. %, the balance being Fe and Ni, such intermediate coating layer being directly topped by a coating layer being an anticorrosion metallic coating.

A sliding member includes a back-metal layer including an Fe alloy and a sliding layer including a copper alloy including 0.5 to 12 mass % of Sn and the balance of Cu and inevitable impurities. The sliding layer has a cross-sectional structure perpendicular to a sliding surface of the sliding layer. The cross-sectional structure includes first copper alloy grains that are in contact with a bonding surface of the back-metal layer and second copper alloy grains that are not in contact with the bonding surface. The first copper alloy grains has an average grain size D1 and the second copper alloy grains has an average grain size D2. D1 and D2 satisfy the following relations: D1 is 30 to 80 μm; and D1/D2=0.1 to 0.3.

According to one embodiment, a magnetic head includes a shield, a magnetic pole, a first magnetic layer provided between the shield and the magnetic pole, a second magnetic layer provided between the first magnetic layer and the magnetic pole, a third magnetic layer provided between the second magnetic layer and the magnetic pole, a first nonmagnetic layer provided between the shield and the first magnetic layer, a second nonmagnetic layer provided between the first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer, a third nonmagnetic layer provided between the second magnetic layer and the third magnetic layer, and a fourth nonmagnetic layer provided between the third magnetic layer and the magnetic pole. The first and third nonmagnetic layers include one of Cu, Ag, Au, Al, and Ti. The second and fourth nonmagnetic layers include one of Ta, Pt, Ir, W, Mo, Cr, Tb, Rh, Pd, and Ru.

The method is for manufacturing a clad material (30), which includes: clad rolling for rolling and bonding a first metal plate (131) made of stainless steel, a second metal plate (132) made of Cu or a Cu alloy, and a third metal plate (133) made of stainless steel in a state in which the first metal plate, the second metal plate, and the third metal plate are stacked in this order. The clad rolling is performed with a pressure-bonding load of 4.4×10.sup.3 N/mm or more. The second layer is made of Cu or a Cu alloy. The third layer is made of stainless steel. The clad material has an overall thickness of 1 mm or less.

A roll-bonded clad metal sheet and a method for producing a roll-bonded clad metal sheet is provided. The roll-bonded clad sheet includes a metallic base material layer and a metallic cladding material layer which are joined to one another by a metallurgical bond. The metallic cladding material layer includes a nickel-based material whose chemical composition includes, in % by mass, a proportion of more than 50% of Ni and a proportion of 3.1% of Nb. The metallurgical bond is obtained by a thermomechanical rolling process including a first rolling phase for prerolling, a second rolling phase for final forming and a cooling time between the first rolling phase and the second rolling phase, wherein a final rolling temperature of the second rolling phase is set to a value equal to or less than 880° C.

Provided is an article of cookware and a method of making the same. The cookware has at least one stainless steel layer and at least one copper layer metallurgically bonded directly to the at least one stainless steel layer via solid state bonding. The at least one stainless steel layer may be a ferritic stainless steel layer, and the at least one copper layer may be a grain stabilized copper. The at least one stainless steel layer may be made from a 400 series stainless steel, such as a 436 stainless steel alloy, a 439 stainless steel alloy, or a 444 stainless steel alloy. The at least one copper layer may be made from a high purity, oxygen free copper alloy, such as a C101 copper alloy, a C102 copper alloy, or a C107 copper alloy.