Apparatus, systems, and methods for forming semiconductor materials (e.g., using nanofabrication) are generally described. In one example, a method comprises formation of a carbon buffer layer on a first substrate and a graphene layer on the carbon buffer layer by silicon sublimation, followed by removing the graphene layer so as to expose the carbon buffer layer and form a fabrication platform.

A separating device and method for a bonded cine film, belonging to the field of image file protection and repair technologies. The separating device comprises a pressurizing device, a separating device and a liquid nitrogen storage device. The pressurizing device is connected to the liquid nitrogen storage device; the liquid nitrogen storage device is connected to the separating device for providing liquid nitrogen thereto; the separating device comprises a film receiving chamber for accommodating a film to be separated; the pressurizing device pressurizes the liquid nitrogen storage device allowing liquid nitrogen to enter the film receiving chamber. Due to a difference between expansion coefficients of a base layer and emulsion layer of the film under low temperature, micro-pores and gaps may be generated in the base layer and the emulsion layer of a bonded film roll; the liquid nitrogen penetrates into the micro-pores and gaps of the bonded film.

The present invention discloses a separating device for a bonded cine film and a method therefor, which belong to the field of image file protection and repair technologies. The separating device comprises a pressurizing device, a separating device and a liquid nitrogen storage device; the pressurizing device is connected to the liquid nitrogen storage device for providing a pressure thereto; the liquid nitrogen storage device is connected to the separating device for providing liquid nitrogen thereto; the separating device is provided therein with a film receiving chamber for accommodating a film to be separated; the pressurizing device pressurizes the liquid nitrogen storage device to allow the liquid nitrogen to enter the film receiving chamber; due to a difference between expansion coefficients of a base layer and an emulsion layer of the film under a low temperature, micro-pores and gaps may be generated in the base layer and the emulsion layer of a bonded film roll; the liquid nitrogen penetrates into the micropores and gaps of the bonded film roll, a certain tension is generated during gasification, and viscosity of liquefied gelatin decreases under the low temperature, thereby achieving the purpose of separation; the entire separation process does not damage the pH, dimensional stability or mechanical properties of the film roll, and a non-destructive separation can be achieved.