A strut assembly including a spring to help absorb impacts and a shock absorber to help control motion of the spring is disclosed. The shock absorber includes a base assembly and is mounted between a top mount assembly and a knuckle. The top mount assembly mounts to the body of the vehicle and helps support the spring. An upper spring seat is adjacent the top mount assembly and receives one end of the spring. A lower spring seat formed of a composite material is supported by the base assembly and is adapted to support another end of the spring. The lower spring seat includes at least one reinforcing element having a plurality of reinforcing cords disposed between an upper surface and a lower surface for improving impact resistance thereof.

Embodiments of the present invention describe a recreational vehicle spindle, including a spindle body having one or more sockets in the spindle body, and an upper attachment mechanism in contact with the spindle body and adapted to attach to a steering component. The spindle also includes a lower attachment mechanism in contact with the spindle body and adapted to attach to a ski or wheel. The one or more sockets are adapted to each receive a ball and stud forming one or more ball joints.

A suspension coil spring, when assembled to a suspension device, in which a spring reaction axis (AR) is positioned coincident with or sufficiently close to a load input axis (AA), and the design and manufacture of coil springs are facilitated. Namely, a suspension coil spring (10) in a free state is formed so that a coil axis (AC) is bent in V-shape at bend point (PB) and the distance from the end turn center (CU) of the upper seating surface (38) to an imaginary coil axis (AI) is an upper inclination amount (V.sub.U), and the distance from the end turn center (CL) to the imaginary coil axis (AI) is a lower inclination amount (V.sub.L). When the suspension coil spring (10) is interposed between spring seats (22, 24) in the suspension device and compressed along a strut axis, the spring reaction AR axis of the suspension coil spring (10) is inclined and offset with respect to the imaginary coil axis (AL) according to the inclination amounts (V.sub.U, V.sub.L).

A suspension coil spring, when assembled to a suspension device, in which a spring reaction axis (AR) is positioned coincident with or sufficiently close to a load input axis (AA), and the design and manufacture of coil springs are facilitated. Namely, a suspension coil spring (10) in a free state is formed so that a coil axis (AC) is bent in V-shape at bend point (PB) and the distance from the end turn center (CU) of the upper seating surface (38) to an imaginary coil axis (AI) is an upper inclination amount (V.sub.U), and the distance from the end turn center (CL) to the imaginary coil axis (AI) is a lower inclination amount (V.sub.L). When the suspension coil spring (10) is interposed between spring seats (22, 24) in the suspension device and compressed along a strut axis, the spring reaction AR axis of the suspension coil spring (10) is inclined and offset with respect to the imaginary coil axis (AL) according to the inclination amounts (V.sub.U, V.sub.L).

A suspension controller includes a target current setting unit configured to set a target current value, a current limitation setting unit configured to set a current limitation value, a current detector configured to detect a current value of a first current supplied to a solenoid that is configured to control a damping force of a suspension, a duty ratio setting unit configured to set a duty ratio based on the target current value, based on the current limitation value, and based on the current value detected by the current detector; and a current outputting unit configured to supply the solenoid with a second current that corresponds to the duty ratio set by the duty ratio setting unit and to a power supply voltage. The current limitation setting unit is configured to change the current limitation value based on the duty ratio set by the duty ratio setting unit.

A cylinder device includes a cylinder that has one end from which a piston rod extends, a pipe-shaped cover member that has an extendable bellows portion and a small-diameter portion whose inner diameter is smaller than an inner diameter of the bellows portion, the cover member being configured to protect the piston rod, and a capping member fitted into the cylinder, the capping member having a convex portion to which the small-diameter portion of the cover member is locked, at an outer periphery, wherein at the small-diameter portion of the cover member, a bulge portion that bulges outside in a radial direction is formed.

A rotation induction device for a vehicle, includes an upper case member, a lower case member, a center plate, and an inflow prevention part. The upper case member has a piston rod disposed therethrough. The lower case member, disposed under the upper case member, has the piston rod disposed therethrough. The center plate, disposed between the upper and lower case members such that the piston rod passes through the center plate, is configured to induce either one or both of the upper and lower case members to rotate. The inflow prevention part, formed in the upper and lower case members, is configured to block the inflow of foreign matters. Each of the upper case member, the lower case member, and the center plate is composed of a synthetic resin material.

A rotation induction device for a vehicle includes: an upper case member composed of a synthetic resin material and having a piston rod disposed therethrough; a lower case member composed of a synthetic resin material, disposed under the upper case member, and having the piston rod disposed therethrough; a center plate composed of a synthetic resin material, disposed between the upper and lower case members such that the piston rod passes through the center plate, and configured to induce either one or both of the upper and lower case members to rotate; and a stress distribution part formed on the center plate, and configured to distribute stress caused by a vertical load.

A vibration damper may include an external tube and at least one internal tube. The external and internal tubes may be disposed in a coaxial manner relative to one another. An annular gap may exist between the external tube and the internal tube, and the annular gap may be fluidically connected to the internal tube. The annular gap may form a compensation chamber for receiving damper oil and damper gas for preloading of the damper oil in the compensation chamber. The vibration damper may further include a separating element disposed in the compensation chamber. The separating element may be axially displaceable and may separate the damper oil from the damper gas in a fluid-tight manner.

A vibration damper may include an external tube and at least one internal tube. The external and internal tubes may be disposed in a coaxial manner relative to one another. An annular gap may exist between the external tube and the internal tube, and the annular gap may be fluidically connected to the internal tube. The annular gap may form a compensation chamber for receiving damper oil and damper gas for preloading of the damper oil in the compensation chamber. The vibration damper may further include a separating element disposed in the compensation chamber. The separating element may be axially displaceable and may separate the damper oil from the damper gas in a fluid-tight manner.