A battery module of the present disclosure includes a battery case, at least one sulfide-based battery disposed inside the battery case, and at least one halogen-based battery disposed inside the battery case. A vehicle of the present disclosure includes the battery module and an electric motor configured to be driven by electric power supplied from the battery module. A method of manufacturing a battery module of the present disclosure includes disposing at least one sulfide-based battery inside the battery case and disposing at least one halogen-based battery inside the battery case.

A battery pack is provided. The battery pack includes a battery cell assembly including at least a battery cell, a heat dissipation member, and a plate member; and an exterior case. The heat dissipation member and the plate member are disposed in this order on one or both of an electrode of the battery cell and a side surface of the battery cell along a direction in which the battery cell assembly is assembled in the exterior case.

A battery pack is provided. The battery pack includes a battery cell assembly including at least a battery cell, a heat dissipation member, and a plate member; and an exterior case. The heat dissipation member and the plate member are disposed in this order on one or both of an electrode of the battery cell and a side surface of the battery cell along a direction in which the battery cell assembly is assembled in the exterior case.

The present invention relates to a reinforcement member made from a polymeric material. The present invention further relates to a vehicle comprising the reinforcement member, a method to absorb an impact on vehicle and a method to produce the reinforcement member.

A thermal management system (270) for rechargeable secondary batteries having an electrically insulating material (262) lining the interior of a metal case (260). One or more cell packs (24) made of individual cells (12) arranged within end frames (220) is disposed in the metal case (260). A thermally conductive granular filler (264) occupies the interstices (264A) between the individual cells (12) and the space between the cell pack and the electrically insulating material liner (262). The thermally conductive filler (264) decreases the thermal impedance from the cell pack (24) to the exterior surface of the metal case (260) to reduce cell pack temperature and increase battery life

A vehicle power supply device converts power from high voltage to low voltage by selectively connecting a predetermined power storage element group to a low voltage electric load from a high voltage power supply formed by connecting power storage elements in series. A leakage current from the high voltage power supply is measured during the dead time period when the power storage element group is not connected to the low voltage electric load. When the value exceeds a predetermined value, the connection between the power storage element group and the low-voltage electric load is interrupted, so that electric shock is prevented.

A vehicle underbody structure includes a pair of rockers that are provided on both vehicle width direction sides of a vehicle underbody and extend in a vehicle front-rear direction, a battery that is disposed centrally in a vehicle width direction center between the pair of rockers and is disposed above a vehicle floor and on the lower side of a seat, a fuel tank that is disposed in the vehicle width direction center between the pair of rockers and is disposed under the vehicle floor and further toward a rear side of the vehicle than the battery, and a waste pipe that is coupled to a drive unit provided at a vehicle front side of the battery and extends in the vehicle front-rear direction between the battery and one of the rockers.

A vehicle underbody structure includes a pair of rockers that are provided on both vehicle width direction sides of a vehicle underbody and extend in a vehicle front-rear direction, a battery that is disposed centrally in a vehicle width direction center between the pair of rockers and is disposed above a vehicle floor and on the lower side of a seat, a fuel tank that is disposed in the vehicle width direction center between the pair of rockers and is disposed under the vehicle floor and further toward a rear side of the vehicle than the battery, and a waste pipe that is coupled to a drive unit provided at a vehicle front side of the battery and extends in the vehicle front-rear direction between the battery and one of the rockers.

According to one embodiment, a separator is provided. The separator includes a composite membrane. The composite membrane includes a substrate layer, a first composite layer, and a second composite layer. The first composite layer is located on one surface of the substrate layer. The second composite layer is located on the other surface of the substrate layer. The composite membrane has a coefficient of air permeability of 1×10.sup.−14 m.sup.2 or less. The first composite layer has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface is in contact with the substrate layer. The second surface is located on an opposite side to the first surface. Denseness of a portion including the first surface is lower than denseness of a portion including the second surface in the first composite layer.

The invention provides for a high occupancy or heavy-duty vehicle with a battery propulsion power source, which may include lithium titanate batteries. The vehicle may be all-battery or may be a hybrid, and may have a composite body. The vehicle battery system may be housed within the floor of the vehicle and may have different groupings and arrangements.