A vehicle includes at least one fuel cell stack, a water reservoir housed higher than the at least one fuel cell stack, a first water pump, a second water pump and a control module. The at least one fuel cell stack is operable to generate electrical energy and water. The water reservoir is operable to store water. The first water pump is operable to pump water from the at least one fuel cell stack into the water reservoir against gravity. The second water pump is operable to dispense water from the water reservoir under assistance from gravitational potential energy of water in the water reservoir. The control module is configured to operate the second water pump on an on-demand basis, and operate the first water pump on a time-selective basis.

A vehicle includes at least one fuel cell stack, a water reservoir housed higher than the at least one fuel cell stack, a first water pump, a second water pump and a control module. The at least one fuel cell stack is operable to generate electrical energy and water. The water reservoir is operable to store water. The first water pump is operable to pump water from the at least one fuel cell stack into the water reservoir against gravity. The second water pump is operable to dispense water from the water reservoir under assistance from gravitational potential energy of water in the water reservoir. The control module is configured to operate the second water pump on an on-demand basis, and operate the first water pump on a time-selective basis.

Embodiments of systems and methods of operating a vehicle include operating at least one fuel cell stack, whereupon a heat exchanger therefor the at least one fuel cell stack counter-balances heat therefrom with heat rejected therefrom, and operating a water system to pump water from the at least one fuel cell stack into a water reservoir. Moreover, in response to high water levels in the water reservoir, the embodiments include increasing electrical energy loads on at least one battery operable to store electrical energy from the at least one fuel cell stack, operating the at least one fuel cell stack for higher output, whereupon the heat exchanger under-balances heat therefrom with heat rejected therefrom, and operating the water system to apply water from the water reservoir onto the heat exchanger, whereupon the heat exchanger restoratively counter-balances heat therefrom with heat rejected therefrom.

Disclosed is a cooling and heating system utilized in a vehicle using a fuel cell configured to generate electricity with hydrogen and oxygen supplied thereto as a power supply source, wherein a power supply source apparatus of a conventional hydrogen fuel vehicle is utilized as the cooling and heating system and wherein a heat exchanger necessary in the process of heat-exchanging liquefied hydrogen is utilized as a heating means and cool air generated in the process of cooling high-temperature coolant discharged after cooling the fuel cell through a heat exchanger is utilized as a cooling means.

In a control device for a power converter converting electric power of a fuel cell stack, the power converter includes first and second reactors, a first switching element connected to the first reactor, and a second switching element connected to the second reactor. The second reactor is located closer to a cooling water discharge manifold than the first reactor. The control device configured to: set first and second duty cycles of the first and second switching element; and execute limit control in which, by controlling the setting of the first and second duty cycles, a second amount of heat generated by the second reactor due to a second current is limited to a value smaller than a first amount of heat generated by the first reactor due to a first current within a period of at least multiple ON-OFF cycles of the first and second switching elements.

A liquid cooling plug-in assembly, a liquid cooling plug-in device, and a battery pack assembly are provided. The liquid cooling plug-in assembly includes a first fixed plate, a floating plate, at least one first elastic member, and a plurality of plug-in members, the plurality of plug-in members are all connected to the floating plate, the first fixed plate is provided with a movement cavity therein, the floating plate and the first elastic member are both located in the movement cavity, and the floating plate is in floating connection with the first fixed plate by means of the first elastic member.

A hydrogen fuel cell forklift truck with a distributed architecture includes a frame, and, a hydrogen storage system, a fuel cell, a cooling system and an energy storage system arranged on the frame, and the fuel cell is connected with the hydrogen storage system and the energy storage system for charging the energy storage system and providing kinetic energy; the hydrogen storage system is located outside the fuel cell and exposed to the frame for supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell; the cooling system is located outside the fuel cell and connected to the fuel cell for cooling the fuel cell; the energy storage system is located outside the fuel cell and connected to the fuel cell for recovering braking energy and providing kinetic energy together with the fuel cell.

A hydrogen fuel cell forklift truck with a distributed architecture includes a frame, and, a hydrogen storage system, a fuel cell, a cooling system and an energy storage system arranged on the frame, and the fuel cell is connected with the hydrogen storage system and the energy storage system for charging the energy storage system and providing kinetic energy; the hydrogen storage system is located outside the fuel cell and exposed to the frame for supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell; the cooling system is located outside the fuel cell and connected to the fuel cell for cooling the fuel cell; the energy storage system is located outside the fuel cell and connected to the fuel cell for recovering braking energy and providing kinetic energy together with the fuel cell.

A battery system cools a battery device by supplying a coolant to the battery device. The battery system includes a coolant flow path through which the coolant circulates, a coolant pump to control a flow of the coolant passing through the coolant flow path to circulate the coolant between the battery device and the coolant flow path, a differential pressure sensor to detect a differential pressure between a pressure of the coolant passing through a coolant supply port from the coolant flow path to the battery device and a pressure of the coolant passing through a coolant discharge port from the battery device to the coolant flow path, and a controller to determine whether there is a leakage of the coolant based on a comparison between the differential pressure acquired from the differential pressure sensor and an estimated value stored in advance.

A method of measuring impedance of a fuel cell stack in a vehicle during driving of the vehicle includes: determining whether an impedance measurement of the fuel cell stack is requested during driving of the vehicle driven by power of the fuel cell stack; turning off a first relay connected between the fuel cell stack and a battery charged by the fuel cell stack when the impedance measurement of the fuel cell stack is requested; connecting a stack load to the fuel cell stack via a second relay and supplying air to the fuel cell stack; and measuring the impedance of the fuel cell stack.