A control apparatus includes: a rotor temperature estimation unit estimating a temperature of a rotor based on stator temperature information from a first temperature sensor for identifying a temperature of a stator, refrigerant temperature information from a second temperature sensor for identifying a temperature of refrigerant used to cool an electric motor, and rotation speed information about the rotor from a resolver for identifying a rotation speed of the rotor; and an electric motor control unit controlling at least one of an output characteristic and a drive condition of the electric motor based on the temperature of the rotor estimated by the rotor temperature estimation unit.

Techniques involve utilizing a ducting system for an electric vehicle. The ducting system includes a motor housing constructed and arranged to house at least a portion of an electric propulsion motor of the electric vehicle. The ducting system further includes a storage pack housing coupled with the motor housing, the storage pack housing being constructed and arranged to house at least a portion of an electrical energy storage pack that supplies electric power to the electric propulsion motor. The ducting system further includes a fluid control assembly constructed and arranged to control fluid flow between the motor housing and the storage pack housing.

Provided is a control system, including: a power source control unit for controlling a power source included in a mobile object; a mobile object control unit for controlling the mobile object; and an update control unit for receiving an update program of the power source control unit and the mobile object control unit, and transmitting the update program to one of the power source control unit and the mobile object control unit to be updated by the update program, wherein the power source control unit includes a first storage area to be updated and a second storage area not to be updated by the update program, and the power source control unit includes, in the second storage area, first control information for causing the power source to supply power in a case where the first storage area is updated by the update program transmitted from the update control unit.

One example provides a chassis for an electric snowmobile including a battery pack. The battery pack includes a battery pack housing defining an enclosure for housing a number of battery modules for powering an electric motor of the electric snowmobile, the battery pack housing having a length extending in a longitudinal direction of the snowmobile, the battery pack housing including a bottom surface. A pair of opposing side panels extends downwardly from and along at least a portion of the length of the battery pack housing, the opposing panels and at least portions of the bottom surface of the battery pack housing together forming a rear structure extending in the longitudinal direction of the electric snowmobile.

The present invention discloses a liquid-cooled integrative power system for electric forklift and a control method thereof. It includes an integrated transmission gearbox, an integrated motor controller, an oil pump and a vehicle controller. The integrated transmission gearbox includes a drive motor transmission mechanism and an oil pump motor transmission mechanism. The integrated motor controller includes a control unit for a drive motor and a control unit for an oil pump motor. The integrated transmission gearbox, the integrated motor controller, the drive motor, the oil pump motor, the oil pump and the vehicle controller are completely integrated and mounted to form the liquid-cooled integrative power system for electric forklift. The vehicle controller comprehensively controls the integrative power system.

The present teachings relate generally to a small remote vehicle having rotatable flippers and a weight of less than about 10 pounds and that can climb a conventional-sized stairs. The present teachings also relate to a small remote vehicle can be thrown or dropped fifteen feet onto a hard/inelastic surface without incurring structural damage that may impede its mission. The present teachings further relate to a small remote vehicle having a weight of less than about 10 pounds and a power source supporting missions of at least 6 hours.

A controller is provided for a vehicle having front and rear axles, each axle having two wheels, and first and second propulsion units. The controller controls the first and second propulsion units to generate a combined torque with reference to a total requested torque. The controller is configured to: receive a torque request signal; receive traction signals indicating available traction at at least one wheel; determine a traction torque range defined by a maximum and minimum torque for at least one of the at least first or second propulsion units in dependence on one or more of the traction signals; determine a proposed distribution of torque between each of the at least first and second propulsion units with reference to the total requested torque; and determine a proposed torque to be generated by each of the at least first and second propulsion units based on the proposed distribution of torque.

A thermal management method includes obtaining a predicted temperature including a predicted value of an operating temperature of a target device, and controlling the target device to switch a thermal management according to the predicted temperature mode. The thermal management mode is used to adjust the operating temperature of the target device.

A vehicle includes a front-wheel motor, a rear-wheel motor, a temperature detector, and a distribution ratio controller. The front-wheel motor drives a front wheel. The rear-wheel motor drives a rear wheel. The temperature detector detects a temperature of the front-wheel motor and a temperature of the rear-wheel motor. If one of the temperature of the front-wheel motor and the temperature of the rear-wheel motor exceeds a second temperature, the distribution ratio controller decreases a torque of one of the front-wheel motor and the rear-wheel motor the temperature of which is higher than the other and increase a torque of the other. The second temperature is a value set lower than a first temperature that is a threshold used for determination as to whether output of the front-wheel motor or output of the rear-wheel motor is to be restricted.

A control device 60 includes: a PWM generation unit 63 that outputs a PWM drive signal to an inverter 40; and a torque limiting unit that outputs a post-limitation torque command to the PWM generation unit 63 based on a torque command from a higher-order control unit and a motor temperature. The torque limiting unit includes: a torque limiting factor calculation unit 61 that calculates a torque limiting factor based on the motor temperature; and a post-limitation torque calculation unit 62 that outputs the post-limitation torque command to the PWM generation unit 63 based on the torque command and the torque limiting factor. The torque limiting factor calculation unit 61 limits an output torque based on the motor temperature in a case where the motor temperature is higher than a predetermined temperature, and limits a torque to make the torque change more gently in a case where a rate of change over time in the motor temperature is larger than a predetermined value as compared with a case where the rate of change over time is equal to or smaller than the predetermined value.