A power module (10) for operating an electric vehicle drive includes a current input configured for supplying an input current. The current input includes multiple contact elements (182, 184). Multiple circuit-breakers (142, 144) are configured for generating an output current based on the supplied input current. A current output (192) is configured for outputting the output current at a consumer. A substrate (12) includes a metal layer (122-130) and an insulating layer (121) connected to the metal layer (122-130). The multiple circuit-breakers (142, 144) are arranged on the metal layer (122-130). The multiple contact elements (182, 184) are also arranged on the metal layer (122-130) such that the multiple contact elements (182, 184) extend perpendicular to a surface of the substrate (12).

A control method of a converter of a vehicle comprises: deriving, by a controller, an energy gain of a drive motor and an energy loss of a converter in the case that the converter constituting a vehicle power conversion system is operating in a boosting mode; comparing, by the controller, the energy gain of the drive motor with the energy loss of the converter; and a step of adjusting, by the controller, a voltage command of the converter depending on a comparison result.

A power converter for a railway vehicle includes a power converter body configured to be installed on the railway vehicle; a first radiating fin unit arranged on a front side on the power converter body for dissipating heat from the power converter body; a second radiating fin unit arranged on the power converter body on a rear side for dissipating heat from the power converter body; and an air duct that takes in air from a region other than regions in which the first and second radiating fin units are disposed while the railway vehicle is moving, the air duct extending into a fin separation space that is defined as a space between the first radiating fin unit and the second radiating fin unit so as to guide air that is taken in into the fin separation space.

A first-pump arrangement flow path, temperature-adjustment target-device arrangement flow paths, and a second-pump arrangement flow path are connected to a communication flow path in this order from one end side to the other end side of the communication flow path. A first heat exchanger is disposed in the first-pump arrangement flow path among numerous flow paths, which is connected to the communication flow path at a position on a side of the first-pump arrangement flow path, rather than the flow path in which a second heat exchanger is disposed. The switching portion is operated to establish communication between plural flow paths, starting from the flow path connected to the communication flow path at the position closest to the one end side among the numerous flow paths, up to the flow path connected to the communication flow path at an n-th position counted from the one end side among the numerous flow paths.

A network of collection, charging and distribution machines collect, charge and distribute portable electrical energy storage devices (e.g., batteries, supercapacitors or ultracapacitors). Locations of collection, charging and distribution machines having available charged portable electrical energy storage devices are communicated to or acquired by a mobile device of a user, or displayed on a collection, charging and distribution machine. The locations are indicated on a graphical user interface on a map on a user's mobile device relative to the user's current location. The user may use their mobile device select particular locations on the map to reserve an available portable electrical energy storage device. The system nay also warn the user that the user is near an edge of the pre-determined area having portable electrical energy storage device collection, charging and distribution machines. Reservations may also be made automatically based on information regarding a potential route of a user.

A vehicle-side, electronic charging device of a wireless battery charging system receives, converts and feeds energy into a rechargeable traction battery of an electric vehicle traction motor. The traction battery is charged by an external charging system via a wireless link and the vehicle-side charging device. The vehicle-side charging device includes a first LC resonant circuit between first and second output ports, and a current rectifier having first and second AC voltage inputs and first and second DC voltage outputs. Either (i) the first and second DC voltage outputs of the current rectifier, or (ii) the first and second AC voltage inputs of the current rectifier, or (iii) the first and the second output ports of the first LC resonant circuit, or (iv) a first and a second connection of the reception coil are switchably connected to one another via an actuable kill switch.

An electric drive system includes a rechargeable energy storage unit, a power inverter, an electric motor and a controller having a processor and tangible, non-transitory memory on which instructions are recorded. A transfer of electrical power between the rechargeable energy storage unit and the electric motor is governed by a pulse width modulation (PWM) switching frequency. The controller is configured to determine a current switching frequency based in part on a PWM type, a PWM switching frequency style and an inverter direct current voltage. A PWM scalar is determined based in part on the current switching frequency and a maximum value of a control reference frequency. The controller is configured to transmit a command signal to regulate the transfer of electrical power based in part on the PWM scalar, the PWM switching frequency being proportional to a product of the PWM scalar and the control reference frequency.

A method of operating a heat transfer system includes circulating a heat transfer fluid through a heat transfer circuit in fluid communication with an electric system, and obtaining real-time measurements of fluid properties of the heat transfer fluid. A dimensional effectiveness factor for the heat transfer fluid (DEF.sub.fluid) is calculated based on the fluid properties and for a selected pump and a selected dominant flow regime within the heat transfer circuit, and a dimensional effectiveness factor for a reference fluid (DEF.sub.reference) is calculated for the selected pump and the selected dominant flow regime within the heat transfer circuit. A normalized effectiveness factor (NEF.sub.fluid) of the heat transfer fluid is then obtained, whereby a health of the heat transfer fluid is obtained. If the NEF.sub.fluid is below a predetermined threshold, the health will be considered deteriorated, and if the NEF.sub.fluid is above the predetermined threshold, the health will be considered viable.

A controller of an electric vehicle is disclosed. The controller includes: a BMS LV module configured to manage a low voltage battery; a BMS HV module configured to manage a high voltage battery; a DC-DC module configured to control a plurality of DC-DC FETs; and an ampSwitch module configured to detect a short on a bus and switch to an open state, and further configured to command the DC-DC module or an alternator to match the low battery's voltage and switch to a closed state when voltage returns to normal.

An inductor for a boost converter in a hybrid vehicle includes a core, a coil winding, and an end cap. The coil winding is disposed about the core. The end cap is disposed over a first end of the inductor, overhangs the coil winding, defines a channel that is configured to receive fluid from a pump, defines at least one nozzle that is configured to direct fluid from an overhanging portion of the end cap and onto the coil, and defines a fluid reservoir that is in fluid communication with the channel and the at least one nozzle.