A watermelon plant and seed, namely of Citrullus lanatus, which are resistant to fungi, including Watermelon Powdery Mildew (PM), comprising in their genome introgressed sequences from Citrullus lanatus var. Citroides conferring resistance to the fungi. More specifically, the invention also discloses molecular genetic markers, linked to the dominant genetic locus conferring resistance to fungi characterized by a resistance to powdery mildew (PM) race 1 and race 2 as quantified by a tolerance of less than about 3.5 on the Tetteh scale, and having properties such that seedless fruits are produced with a total soluble solid (TSS) of at least 10%, flesh firmness of between 60 and 80 on a scale of 10 to 90, where 10 indicates very soft flesh and 90 indicates a very firm flesh, and a flesh color selected from the group consisting of yellow, orange or red fruit flesh color, preferably dark red.

Provided is an in vitro rescue method for immature embryo of avocado, and the method includes: collecting immature avocado hybrid fruits, stripping immature zygotic embryos from the sterilized fruits; inducing maturation of zygotic embryos in different mediums selected according to the maturities of zygotic embryos; and avocado seed embryos growing to normal plants under light conditions after germination. Provided is a technology for the in vitro culture rescue of immature embryo of avocado, wherein the zygotic embryos at different developmental stages are induced to maturation under in vitro conditions, and after maturation, the seed embryos are induced to germinate and form healthy plants. The technology of the present invention can effectively improve the survival rate of hybrid avocado zygotic embryo, increase the success rate of hybrid avocado, rescue the hybrid offspring, reduce the loss of hybrid offspring, ensure the genetic integrity of hybrid group, and provide the key technology for hybrid breeding and genetic research of avocado, etc.

The present disclosure provides Brassica oleracea plants exhibiting broad spectrum resistance to Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Such plants may comprise novel introgressed genomic regions associated with disease resistance from Brassica oleracea var. capitata. In certain aspects, compositions, including novel polymorphic markers and methods for producing, breeding, identifying, and selecting plants or germplasm with a disease resistance phenotype are provided.

The present disclosure provides cultivated tomato plants exhibiting increased resistance to Mi-1 resistance-breaking root-knot nematodes. Such plants comprise novel recombinant chromosomal segments comprising alleles associated with disease resistance from Solanum pimpinellifolium on chromosome 1 and/or chromosome 6. In certain aspects, compositions and methods for producing, breeding, detecting, and selecting plants or germplasm with an increased disease resistance phenotype are provided.

Genes found in wild species can provide beneficial traits to domestic crops. For example, wild Glycine species can provide resistance to a broad spectrum of soy rust populations if introgressed into soybean. Previously, successful introgression required wide cross pollinations, embryo rescue, and regeneration of F1 shoots. Furthermore, chromosome doubling, which can be achieved by chemical treatment of embryos, was required in order to obtain fertile amphidiploids (F1Ds). A backcross to soybean was then required in order to obtain BC1F1 genetics. Here we describe improved procedures for interspecific crosses between soybean and Glycine tomentella. These procedures offer a more efficient route to BC1F1 genetics by bypassing the amphidiploid generation. These principles can be applied to additional domestic species and their wild relatives such as Brassica.

The disclosure provides an aseptic sowing and raising seedling method for distant hybridization seeds of Phalaenopsis and Rhynchostylis retusa, which takes Phalaenopsis as female parent and Rhynchostylis retusa as male parent to obtain hybridization fruit pods by artificial pollination, the fruit pods are pretreated, and the seeds are aseptically sowed, germinated, protocorm proliferated and differentiated, strong seedlings rooted, acclimatized and transplanted to obtain distant hybridization offspring groups. The disclosure has the advantages of high seed germination rate, large seedling number, short seedling time and good seedling quality, which solves the problems that the seeds of Phalaenopsis distant hybridization process are difficult to succeed due to affinity, and are extremely difficult to germinate and raise seedlings under natural conditions. Therefore, a large number of seedlings can be obtained in a short period by aseptic sowing and artificial propagation, which lays a foundation for breeding excellent varieties of Phalaenopsis distant hybridization.

The invention relates to the production of graft-mediated hybrid monocotyledonous plants. Methods for the production of such plants are disclosed herein.

Methods of crossbreeding fungi organisms. The methods include placing a first fungus organism on a first growth medium. The first fungus organism is selected from the genus Psilocybe or Panaeolus. The methods further include placing a second fungus organism on the first growth medium adjacent to the first fungus organism. The second fungus organism is selected from the genus Psilocybe or Panaeolus and is different than the first fungus organism. The methods include allowing the first fungus organism to replicate to form a first colony and allowing the second fungus organism to replicate to form a second colony. The methods further include allowing the first colony and the second colony to expand until they intersect along a clamp line where the first colony and the second colony exchange genetic material between them to yield a crossbred fungus organism.

The present disclosure discloses a breeding method and use of a blue-grained two-line hybrid wheat system. The present disclosure creates alien translocated chromosomes (T4AgL (Ba-containing fragment)-4BL (fragment near centromere)⋅4thS and T4AgL (Ba-containing fragment)-4BL (fragment near centromere)⋅4thS (Rf-containing fragment)) and alien translocated telosomes (T4AgL (Ba-containing fragment)-4thS (Rf-containing fragment), T4thS (Rf-containing fragment)-4AgL (Ba-containing fragment)⋅ and T4thS (Rf-containing fragment)-4AgL (Ba-containing fragment)-4BL (fragment near centromere)⋅) of a blue-grained gene Ba and an alien restoring gene Rf, which exhibit xenia and dose-response and can lead to complete recovery of a recessive genetic male sterility (GMS) gene ms1. In this way, the present disclosure completes the improvement of a blue-grained two-line hybrid wheat system.

A novel hybrid pumpkin plant, designated HMX0686 is disclosed. The disclosure relates to the seeds of hybrid pumpkin designated HMX0686, to the plants and plant parts of hybrid pumpkin designated HMX0686, and to methods for producing a pumpkin plant by crossing the hybrid pumpkin HMX0686 with itself or another pumpkin plant.