The invention provides novel methods to genotype haploid embryos using molecular assays. For example, quantitative methods for genotyping are provided. The methods provided also include providing a plurality of haploid kernels, determining the genotype of the haploid embryo of said kernels by distinguishing its genotype from the endosperm genotype, selecting a kernel having a desired genotype and producing doubled haploid plant from the selected kernel.

The present technology generally relates to a triploid Cannabis plant, triploid Cannabis seeds and to methods for generating such triploid Cannabis plant. The methods comprise crossing a tetraploid Cannabis plant with a diploid Cannabis plant to obtain F1 seeds, and growing a confirmed triploid F1 seed to generate the triploid Cannabis plant. In some embodiments, feminized pollen from a tetraploid Cannabis plant is crossed with a female diploid Cannabis plant.

The present technology generally relates to a triploid Cannabis plant, triploid Cannabis seeds and to methods for generating such triploid Cannabis plant. The methods comprise crossing a tetraploid Cannabis plant with a diploid Cannabis plant to obtain F1 seeds, and growing a confirmed triploid F1 seed to generate the triploid Cannabis plant. In some embodiments, feminized pollen from a tetraploid Cannabis plant is crossed with a female diploid Cannabis plant.

Provided are isolated cDNAs comprising a nucleotide sequence having at least 90% identity to SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 52 or SEQ ID NO: 53. Also provided are expression cassettes; vectors; transgenic plant cells; plants, plant parts, and seeds; isolated polypeptides; amplicons and informative fragments of the presently disclosed nucleic acids; compositions that include amplification primer pairs; methods for producing plants that exhibit HI; methods for identifying the presence or absence of an allele associated with HI in a plant; methods for introgressing Haploid-inducing nucleotide sequences into plants; and methods for selecting parental plants predicted to produce progeny generations with plants that exhibit Haploid Induction trait.

Provided are isolated cDNAs comprising a nucleotide sequence having at least 90% identity to SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 52 or SEQ ID NO: 53. Also provided are expression cassettes; vectors; transgenic plant cells; plants, plant parts, and seeds; isolated polypeptides; amplicons and informative fragments of the presently disclosed nucleic acids; compositions that include amplification primer pairs; methods for producing plants that exhibit HI; methods for identifying the presence or absence of an allele associated with HI in a plant; methods for introgressing Haploid-inducing nucleotide sequences into plants; and methods for selecting parental plants predicted to produce progeny generations with plants that exhibit Haploid Induction trait.

Provided herein are methods of producing a Cannabis haploid/di-haploid plant in a single generation. The methods comprise (a) obtaining pollen comprising a mutation in DMP8; (b) using the pollen to pollinate a Cannabis plant; (c) collecting a seed from the pollenated Cannabis plant; (d) identifying putative haploid Cannabis plants from the seed; and (e) producing a Cannabis haploid/di-haploid plant in a single generation.

Provided herein are methods of producing a Cannabis haploid/di-haploid plant in a single generation. The methods comprise (a) obtaining pollen comprising a mutation in DMP8; (b) using the pollen to pollinate a Cannabis plant; (c) collecting a seed from the pollenated Cannabis plant; (d) identifying putative haploid Cannabis plants from the seed; and (e) producing a Cannabis haploid/di-haploid plant in a single generation.

A breeding method of a polyploid rice two-line restorer line includes determining hybrid parents for breeding the restorer line; breeding a restorer line of an indica sterile/japonica restorer type, or breeding a restorer line of a japonica sterile/indica restorer type, and carrying out backcrossing or composite hybridization after hybridization of the parents; selecting a single plant that meets the breeding goal, carrying out composite hybridization again and carrying out preliminary molecular marker detection; comparing, and selecting a single plant with good traits for continuous selfing until the line is basically stable; selecting a stable line with good traits and detection molecular markers; carrying out test-crossing on the preferred line as a male parent with different types of polyploid sterile lines; and selecting a good hybrid combination and a restorer line thereof.

A breeding method of a polyploid rice two-line restorer line includes determining hybrid parents for breeding the restorer line; breeding a restorer line of an indica sterile/japonica restorer type, or breeding a restorer line of a japonica sterile/indica restorer type, and carrying out backcrossing or composite hybridization after hybridization of the parents; selecting a single plant that meets the breeding goal, carrying out composite hybridization again and carrying out preliminary molecular marker detection; comparing, and selecting a single plant with good traits for continuous selfing until the line is basically stable; selecting a stable line with good traits and detection molecular markers; carrying out test-crossing on the preferred line as a male parent with different types of polyploid sterile lines; and selecting a good hybrid combination and a restorer line thereof.

Automated, high-throughput and multiplexed methods for clonal plant production from maternal or paternal derived cellular structures including embryos and microspores, using morphogenic factors to produce plants are disclosed. Large scale and rapid clonal propagation methods facilitate increased efficiency in producing doubled haploid plants for breeding and for trait introgression purposes.