A seat belt retractor includes a belt shaft pivot-mounted in a retractor frame, wherein the belt shaft shows an at least two-part design with a first and a second part. A load limiting device includes at least two parts, which can be moved relative to each other and have teeth, with which they alternately engage and disengage. Each of the parts of the load limiting device is allocated to a different part of the belt shaft. A tensioning device is located on the second part of the belt shaft and, upon activation, abruptly drives the belt shaft in the winding direction. One of the parts of the load limiting device, via a transmission device, is connected in a rotationally-fixed manner to the second part of the belt shaft through the first part, which is a hollow shaft.

A webbing take-up device including: a spool on which a webbing fitted over an occupant is taken up; a restricting member restricting a rotation of the spool in the pullout direction under specific circumstances; a force limiter mechanism permitting the rotation of the spool in the pullout direction when a force limiter load or a higher load is imparted while the restricting member is restricting the rotation of the spool in the pullout direction; a switching member being capable of switching between a disposed position at a first position and a disposed position at second position, and provided between the first position and the second position; and an operation member being capable of being switched between operation and non-operation, whereby the disposed position of the switching member is switched between the first position and the second position and the force limiter load is switched between a high-load and a low-load.

Functionalized biocompatible nanoparticles capable of penetrating through a mammalian cell membrane and delivering intracellularly a plurality of bioactive molecules for modulating a cellular function are disclosed herein The functionalized biocompatible nanoparticles comprise: a central nanoparticle ranging in size from about 5 to about 50 nm and having a polymer coating thereon, a plurality of functional groups covalently attached to the polymer coating, wherein the plurality of bioactive molecules are attached to the plurality of the functional groups, and wherein the plurality of bioactive molecules include at least a peptide and a protein, and wherein the peptide is capable of penetrating through the mammalian cell membrane and entering into the cell, and wherein the protein is capable of providing a new functionality within the cell. The protein may be a transcription factor selected from the group consisting of Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, Lin28, cMyc, and Klf4.

The invention relates to a belt retractor for a seatbelt device of a motor vehicle, having a belt shaft, rotatably mounted in a frame, for winding up a seatbelt of the seatbelt device, wherein the frame has two opposing wall sections oriented in parallel with one another and each having a bearing opening, in which wall sections the belt shaft is rotatably mounted, and a spring housing secured to one of the wall sections and having a return spring arranged therein, which is connected to the spring housing at a first end and rotationally fixed to the belt shaft at a second end, wherein the spring housing is radially elastically retained on the wall section.

A restraint system includes a retractor housing; a spool rotatably coupled to the retractor housing and defining an axis of rotation; an inner torsion bar elongated along the axis of rotation and positioned coaxially in the spool; an outer torsion bar elongated along the axis of rotation, extending coaxially around the inner torsion bar, and positioned coaxially in the spool; an engagement member selectively engageable with the outer torsion bar; and a solenoid operable to move the engagement member into engagement with the outer torsion bar and out of engagement with the outer torsion bar.

A belt retractor comprising a safety belt reel (1) rotatably mounted on a frame (7) and a load limiter (2) which acts on a rotational movement of the belt reel (1) and has a switchable energy consumption, said load limiter having a granulate (3), which is enclosed in a closed load limiter chamber (8) and consists of dry, granular solid, and at least one rotating member (4) which can be rotated relative to the granulate (3), the energy consumption resulting from shear forces acts between the grains of granulate.

Provided are a seat belt retractor and a seat belt device with which it is possible to improve energy absorption characteristics and a restraining property. The seat belt retractor includes a spool that performs winding of a webbing for restraining an occupant, a shaft inserted through an axial center of the spool, and a locking base connected to the shaft and capable of switching between a rotating state and a non-rotating state. The seat belt retractor further includes a load adjustment member disposed between the shaft and the locking base and that blocks or reduces load transmission in a case where a load equal to or greater than a threshold is applied to the shaft, and an energy absorption device disposed between the spool and the locking base and capable of changing an energy absorption amount according to a relative rotation speed between the spool and the locking base. The energy absorption device is connected in parallel with the load adjustment member.

A webbing take-up device includes: a spool that takes up webbing worn by an occupant and is rotated in a pull-out direction due to the webbing being pulled out; a base lock that is provided capable of rotating integrally with the spool and is restricted from rotating in the pull-out direction of the spool in vehicle emergency; a pawl that is rotated together with the spool and that, by being displaced to an engaged position, engages with a winding ring and transmits rotation force of the spool to the winding ring; and a trigger ring that is provided capable of being displaced in a rotation circumferential direction of the spool with respect to the spool and includes a pawl-abut portion, abutting the pawl and displacing the pawl to the engaged position when the spool is rotated in the pull-out direction with respect to the lock section.

A webbing take-up device includes a spool taking up webbing worn by an occupant, that is rotated in a pull-out direction by the webbing being pulled-out; a base lock that is provided capable of rotating integrally with the spool and restricts rotation of the spool in the pull-out direction in vehicle-emergency; a pawl that is rotated together with the spool and, by being displaced, engages with a winding ring and transmits rotation force of the spool to the winding ring, and a trigger ring including a restricting portion that is disposed in a restricting position at which displacement of the pawl is restricted in a state prior to the spool being rotated with respect to the base lock, and is disposed in a permitting position at which displacement of the pawl is permitted when the spool has been rotated in the pull-out direction with respect to the base lock.

In a pretensioner mechanism of a webbing take-up device, a sealing member seals a communicating hole of a piston. When a force limiter mechanism is operated and rotating of a spool in a pull-out direction is allowed, the piston is moved to an upper side in a state in which the sealing member is pressed and contacted against a cylinder. As a result, the sealing member is turned and the sealing of the communicating hole by the sealing member is released. In consequence, a number of components may be reduced and assembly characteristics of the pretensioner mechanism may be improved.