A heating plate includes: a pair of glass plates; a conductive pattern disposed between the pair of glass plates and defining a plurality of opening areas; and a joint layer disposed between the conductive pattern and at least one of the pair of glass plates; wherein the conductive pattern includes a plurality of connection elements that extend between two branch points to define the opening areas; and a rate of the connection elements, which are straight line segments connecting the two branch points, relative to the plurality of connection elements, is less than 20%.

A composite pane includes a first pane and a second pane joined to one another via at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer and a functional inlay element arranged between the first pane and the second pane. The functional inlay element includes a carrier layer and at least one electrically conductive element.

Energy management techniques for heating or cooling a surface of a component of a vehicle comprise determining a heating lag time indicative of a lag time for a surface element of the vehicle component to heat to a first target temperature in response to a power on-off or power off-on modulation of a heat transfer component, determining a cooling lag time indicative of a lag time for the surface element to cool to a second target temperature in response to a power on-off or power off-on modulation of the heat transfer component, and controlling power-on and power-off times of the heat transfer component based on the determined heating and cooling lag times so as to not require a temperature sensor for feedback-based temperature control.

A lamp de-icing system comprising: one or more heating layers configured to heat one or more regions of a lens of a vehicle; one or more temperature sensors that detect an ambient temperature around the vehicle; one or more humidity sensors that detect an ambient relative humidity around the vehicle; and one or more proximity sensors that detect if precipitation is present on the lens of the vehicle.

A transparency includes a substrate having a first surface, an opposing second surface, and a peripheral edge extending therebetween. The transparency also includes a conductive coating covering a portion of the first surface. The conductive coating includes a first region having a first power density and a second region having a second power density different from the first power density.

A method of controlling an automotive heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system includes steps of: comparing, by a controller, a voltage applied to a mode door actuator with a first operating voltage, a second operating voltage, and a third operating voltage when a driving condition of a vehicle meets an external condensation occurrence condition; and controlling, by the controller, a defrost mode door to close a defrost outlet or adjust an opening degree of the defrost outlet to be less than a reference opening degree when the voltage applied to the mode door actuator is greater than or equal to the first operating voltage, where the defrost outlet directs air toward a front windshield, and the reference opening degree is an opening degree of the defrost outlet which has been set when the driving condition of the vehicle does not meet the external condensation occurrence condition.

A device for a vehicle, comprising a cover, a source of electromagnetic heating radiation, which is used to heat the cover, as well as a light guide, through which the heating radiation emerging from the source of electromagnetic heating radiation is guided to the cover.

A pattern conductor generates heat when a voltage is applied thereto and includes: a plurality of linear conductors extending in a thickness direction; and a plurality of connection conductors each connecting the at least three linear conductors. The connection conductor includes a plurality of connection elements each connecting the two linear conductors. A length of the linear conductor between two connection points where two connection elements included in one connection conductor and connected to the same linear conductor are connected to the linear conductor, is equal to or less than an average of lengths of the two connection elements. A length of the linear conductor between two connection points where two connection conductors connected to one and the same linear conductor and adjacent to each other in the thickness direction are connected to the linear conductor, is twice or more an average of lengths of the two connection conductors.

One general aspect includes a system having one or more heat pads installed at a vehicle, the one or more heat pads configured to provide infrared energy transmissions to a vehicle component to defrost, defog, or both defrost and defog a surface of the vehicle component. The system may also carry out the following steps: (a) determining that ice or fog or both ice and fog has accumulated on the surface of the vehicle component; and (b) based on the determination made in step (a), activating the one or more heat pads to defrost, defog, or both defrost and defog a surface of the vehicle component.

A heating device includes a housing, a primary induction coil, a controller circuit, and a secondary induction coil. The housing retains a camera lens. The primary induction coil is positioned proximate the housing and generates a magnetic field in response to receiving electrical power from a power supply. The controller circuit is in electrical contact with the primary induction coil and controls the electrical power delivered to the primary induction coil. The secondary induction coil overlays the primary induction coil and receives the magnetic field from the primary induction coil and generates heat. The secondary induction coil is in direct contact with a windshield of a vehicle and heats the viewing window when the primary induction coil receives the electrical power.