A heating plate includes: a pair of glass plates; a conductive pattern disposed between the pair of glass plates and defining a plurality of opening areas; and a joint layer disposed between the conductive pattern and at least one of the pair of glass plates; wherein the conductive pattern includes a plurality of connection elements that extend between two branch points to define the opening areas; and a rate of the connection elements, which are straight line segments connecting the two branch points, relative to the plurality of connection elements, is less than 20%.

A heating plate includes: a pair of glass plates; a conductive pattern disposed between the pair of glass plates and defining a plurality of opening areas; and a joint layer disposed between the conductive pattern and at least one of the pair of glass plates; wherein the conductive pattern includes a plurality of connection elements that extend between two branch points to define the opening areas; and a rate of the connection elements, which are straight line segments connecting the two branch points, relative to the plurality of connection elements, is less than 20%.

A patterned conductor that includes a metal linear conductor positioned on one placement surface that has a main cut surface orthogonal to its longitudinal direction, a plurality of metal crystal grains. In the main cut surface of thereof, a metal crystal grain(s) having a length h.sub.0 along a normal direction to the placement surface, which length is larger than one third of a height H of the linear conductor along the normal direction to the placement surface. A minimum value of a ratio (h.sub.0/w.sub.0), which is a ratio of the length h.sub.0 of the metal crystal grain(s) along the normal direction to the placement surface with respect to a length w.sub.0 along the placement surface, is not less than 1.2.

Provided is a vehicle cleaner system with which it can be ascertained which cleaner has broken down. A vehicle cleaner system comprises: a plurality of cleaner units; a motor pump; an electromagnetic valve which switches between allowing and denying the movement of a cleaning liquid; a cleaner control unit; and a plurality of protection determination units that protect the electromagnetic valve from being supplied with an overcurrent when the electromagnetic valve has short-circuited and is opened, and that notify the cleaner control unit that the electromagnetic valve has short-circuited and is opened. The cleaner control unit outputs, to a vehicle control unit, which electromagnetic valve is unavailable for use, on the basis of a signal that is acquired from the protection determination units and that indicates that the electromagnetic valve has short-circuited and is opened.

Provided is a vehicle cleaner system with which it can be ascertained which cleaner has broken down. A vehicle cleaner system comprises: a plurality of cleaner units; a motor pump; an electromagnetic valve which switches between allowing and denying the movement of a cleaning liquid; a cleaner control unit; and a plurality of protection determination units that protect the electromagnetic valve from being supplied with an overcurrent when the electromagnetic valve has short-circuited and is opened, and that notify the cleaner control unit that the electromagnetic valve has short-circuited and is opened. The cleaner control unit outputs, to a vehicle control unit, which electromagnetic valve is unavailable for use, on the basis of a signal that is acquired from the protection determination units and that indicates that the electromagnetic valve has short-circuited and is opened.

A wiper structure for a resin window includes a wiper configured to wipe a part of a surface of the resin window. The wiper has an elastic wiper rubber and a wiper holder configured to hold the wiper rubber. The wiper rubber has a holding base portion, a lip portion, a body portion, and a neck portion. The lip portion is in contact with the resin window. In the lip portion, a ratio of a lip length in the direction toward the surface of the resin window to a lip thickness in the thickness direction is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 2.3.

A rear window that is provided with a vehicle display device for displaying information toward the outside of the vehicle, includes a rear display portion on which the information is projected, in which in which at least a part of an outer surface of the rear display portion has hydrophilicity.

A rear window that is provided with a vehicle display device for displaying information toward the outside of the vehicle, includes a rear display portion on which the information is projected, in which in which at least a part of an outer surface of the rear display portion has hydrophilicity.

A pressure operated shut off valve for a vehicle fluid distribution system, comprising at least one valve housing, a valve chamber enclosed by the valve housing, at least a first fluid entry port, at least a first fluid exit port, at least a first fluid inlet duct opening into the valve chamber, at least a first fluid outlet duct opening into the valve chamber, at least a first valve body slidably arranged in the valve chamber, the valve body being held closed against the valve seat and being operable by the fluid pressure provided in the inlet duct and acting on the valve body thus lifting the valve body from the valve seat, wherein a mechanical stop selectively blocking or unblocking the valve body upon actuating is provided. A fluid delivery device utilizing such pressure operated shut off valve.

A pressure operated shut off valve for a vehicle fluid distribution system, comprising at least one valve housing, a valve chamber enclosed by the valve housing, at least a first fluid entry port, at least a first fluid exit port, at least a first fluid inlet duct opening into the valve chamber, at least a first fluid outlet duct opening into the valve chamber, at least a first valve body slidably arranged in the valve chamber, the valve body being held closed against the valve seat and being operable by the fluid pressure provided in the inlet duct and acting on the valve body thus lifting the valve body from the valve seat, wherein a mechanical stop selectively blocking or unblocking the valve body upon actuating is provided. A fluid delivery device utilizing such pressure operated shut off valve.