An electric brake system that appropriately brakes a rotary body of a human powered vehicle in various situations is applicable to a human powered vehicle and includes a brake device including an electric actuator operated by electric power from a power supply, and a braking portion driven by the electric actuator to brake a rotary body of the human powered vehicle, a state detector detecting a state of the human powered vehicle other than an operation of the brake device performed by a user, and a control unit controlling the brake device so that the braking portion brakes the rotary body based on a detection result of the state detector.

To provide a brake controller and a brake system that appropriately brake a rotary body of a human-powered vehicle, a brake controller includes one or more processors configured to programmatically control a braking portion of a brake device so that the braking portion brakes a rotary body of the human-powered vehicle based on first information related to travel of the human-powered vehicle, the first information excluding a road surface gradient.

A brake control device and a brake system are configured to appropriately apply a braking force to a rotary body of a human-powered vehicle. The brake control device includes an electronic controller that controls a braking portion electrically driven to brake a rotary body rotating in accordance with traveling of a human-powered vehicle. The electronic controller controls the braking portion in accordance with an operation amount of an operating device and a state related to the human-powered vehicle.

A method for preventing a forward flip-over or a flip-over about the vehicle transverse axis of a single-track motor vehicle, during a braking action of its front wheel. In the method, a lift-off indicator parameter is ascertained, which represents the flip-over hazard by a rear wheel at risk of lifting off or already having lifted off the ground surface, and the braking force at the front wheel is reduced as a function thereof to prevent a flip-over.

Provided is a vehicle body behavior control device and a method of controlling behavior of a vehicle body which can reduce unstable behavior of the vehicle body. A vehicle body behavior control device incorporated into a vehicle body having a plurality of wheels includes: a brake mechanism which controls behavior of the wheels; and a control part which controls an interlocking brake operation in which a braking force is applied to the plurality of wheels using the brake mechanism when an operation for applying braking to any one of the wheels is performed based on a gradient value of a road surface on which the vehicle body travels.

A braking system for vehicles may have a pilot pump fluidically connected to a hydraulic actuator device. The hydraulic actuator device has a by-pass, configured to connect or disconnect fluidically a first actuation chamber and a delivery duct, where a movable septum is connected to a motor device. The movable septum places the first actuation chamber in communication with the by-pass and with a second actuation chamber, to a braking correction condition. The motor device is activated to translate the movable septum so that the first actuation chamber is fluidically separated from the by-pass and from the second actuation chamber. The second actuation chamber, fluidically connected to the delivery duct, controls the actuation of the braking device, excluding the action imposed by the user through the fluid under pressure in the first actuation chamber.

A pressure modulator for an anti-lock braking system of a bicycle. The pressure modulator includes a cylinder, and a piston having a through opening for hydraulic fluid, the piston being situated inside the cylinder and subdividing the cylinder into a first accumulator chamber and a second accumulator chamber, the first and second accumulator chambers being connectable to each other via the through opening. The pressure modulator further includes a valve system, which includes a closing element and an actuating device for the closing element, the closing element being situated in the through opening, and the actuating device being situated at a bottom of the cylinder, and an actuator for moving the piston.

A motor driving control apparatus for a motor-assisted vehicle such as a motor-assisted bicycle includes: an inverter configured to drive a motor; and a controller configured to control the inverter to start regeneration after lapse of a first time period since a second predetermined time period elapsed or gradually increase a regeneration amount, when a state that an acceleration of a vehicle on which the motor is embodied is negative and equal to or less than a first predetermined value continues for the second predetermined time period.

A saddle-ride type vehicle control apparatus includes: an acquiring unit that acquires information indicating a posture of an occupant of a saddle-ride type vehicle; a determining unit that determines a level of intervention in driving of the saddle-ride type vehicle based on the posture of the occupant indicated by the information acquired by the acquiring unit; and an intervening unit that intervenes in the driving of the saddle-ride type vehicle based on a condition of the saddle-ride type vehicle and the level of intervention determined by the determining unit.

A system for multiple brakes intelligently controlled by a single brake input on a personal mobility vehicle. By determining a front and rear brake differential based on the position and weight of the rider as well as the environmental and vehicle conditions, the system may reduce the risk of the vehicle skidding or tipping due to over-braking. In some embodiments, a rider may use a single brake lever to indicate a desire to brake and the system may make determinations about how to apply a combination of mechanical and electrical brakes to front and back wheels. By applying different braking systems based on a combination of controls and sensors, the system may improve user experience and user safety, especially for inexperienced riders.