A machine includes a frame, a first steering arm, a second steering arm, a first hydraulic actuator coupled to the frame and the first steering arm, and a second hydraulic actuator coupled to the frame and the second steering arm. A first angle sensor measures a rotational displacement of the first hydraulic actuator relative to the first steering arm. A first link couples the first hydraulic actuator and the first sensor, and isolates movements other than the first rotational displacement. A second angle sensor measures a second rotational displacement of the second hydraulic actuator relative to the second steering arm. A second link couples the second hydraulic actuator and the second sensor, and isolates movements other than the second rotational displacement.

A machine includes a frame and an oscillating hitch. A first cylinder couples to a first side of the oscillating hitch and a first side of the frame. A second cylinder couples to a second side of the oscillating hitch and a second side of the frame. A first isolating mechanism couples to the first cylinder and rotates in response to a first rotation of the first cylinder relative to the frame or the oscillating hitch. A first angle sensor senses a first angular displacement of the first isolating mechanism about a first rotational axis. A second isolating mechanism couples to the second cylinder and rotates in response to a second rotation of the second cylinder relative to the frame or the oscillating hitch. A second angle sensor senses a second angular displacement of the second isolating mechanism about a second rotational axis.

A sensor device for a steering actuator, the sensor device may include: a pinion shaft mounted on a housing part; a first pinion gear integrated with the pinion shaft by injection molding; and a sensor unit coupled to the first pinion gear.

A steer-by-wire steering system for a vehicle is disclosed, comprising a steering wheel unit, connected with a wheel unit. The steering wheel unit has a steering wheel angle sensor, a steering wheel actuator for setting a steering wheel target torque, and a steering wheel controller for actuating the steering wheel actuator. The wheel unit has a steering sensor for capturing at least one actual steering value, a wheel actuator for setting a target steering value, and a wheel controller. The wheel controller is designed to calculate a virtual torsion rod torque based on the target steering value and the actual steering value, to actuate the wheel actuator based on the calculated virtual torsion rod torque, and to transfer the calculated virtual torsion rod torque to the steering wheel unit. The steering wheel controller is designed to calculate the steering wheel target torque based on the transferred virtual torsion rod torque.

Technical solutions are described for disturbance feedforward compensation technique for improving the disturbance rejection properties of a closed loop position control system using a cascaded control structure with an inner velocity and outer position control loops. According to one or more embodiments, a system includes a position controller that receives an input rack-position command, and a measured rack-position, and computes a velocity command based on a difference in the input rack-position command and the measured rack-position. The system further includes a velocity controller that receives the velocity command, and a measured motor velocity, and computes an input torque command based on a difference in the velocity command and the measured motor velocity. The system adjusts a position of a rack by generating an amount of torque corresponding to the applying the input torque command to a motor.

Disclosed is a sensing device comprising: a stator connected to a first shaft; a first gear rotating in engagement with the stator; a second gear rotating in engagement with the first gear; a magnet coupled to the second gear; and a magnetic element disposed corresponding to the magnet, wherein one surface of the magnet disposed facing the magnetic element has an elliptical shape. Accordingly, even when the center of the magnet disposed in the second gear and the center of the magnetic element are not aligned in the axial direction and thus arranged offset, the sensing device can enhance the precision of a steering angle measurement due to the shape of the magnet.

An embodiment provides a sensing device comprising: a magnet; a first collector disposed to correspond to a path along which the magnet moves; and a first sensor disposed at one side of the first collector, wherein the first collector comprises a first leg part and a second leg part, the first leg part and the second leg part each comprise a facing surface disposed to face the magnet, and the sensing device comprises an area in which a gap between the first leg part and the second leg part increases along a direction from one side toward the other side thereof or an area in which the facing surface of each of the first leg part and the second leg part has a width decreasing along a direction from one side toward the other side thereof. Accordingly, the sensing device can reduce an effect of an external magnetic field to improve sensing accuracy.

A cylinder boot for an axle of an industrial vehicle includes a cylinder boot body, a rod-side fixing portion, a cylinder-side fixing portion, and a detection portion. The cylinder boot covers a cylinder rod of a steering hydraulic cylinder. The cylinder boot body has a contractable portion that is contractable in response to a stroke of the cylinder rod. The rod-side fixing portion is disposed at one end portion of the cylinder boot body and fixed to a distal end portion of the cylinder rod. The cylinder-side fixing portion is disposed at the other end portion of the cylinder boot body and fixed to a cylinder body of the steering hydraulic cylinder. The detection portion is displaced in a direction in which the cylinder rod extends or contracts, and is detected by a detection sensor disposed on the beam axle.

In some implementations, a monitoring system may include a steering system of a machine, a sensor configured to detect movements of the steering system that are indicative of a steering angle of the machine, and a controller. The controller may be configured to monitor, via the sensor, the steering angle of the machine. The controller may be configured to determine, based on monitoring the steering angle, that the steering angle satisfies a threshold that is indicative of the steering angle being excessive for an operation of the machine. The controller may be configured to cause, based on the steering angle satisfying the threshold, the machine to provide an indication that the steering angle is excessive.

A position detection device for detecting a position of a shaft moving forward and backward in an axial direction is provided with a detection object attached to the shaft, an excitation coil for generating an alternating magnetic field, and a detection coil arranged along an axial direction of the shaft. A magnitude of a voltage induced in the detection coil varies in accordance with a position of the detection object.