An aircraft includes: a plurality of rotor units each including a propeller and a motor that drives the propeller; a balloon that laterally covers the plurality of rotor units, across the height of the plurality of rotor units in the up-and-down direction; a camera that protrudes, along a predetermined axis, beyond the balloon; and a holding component that holds the camera and whose overall length can be shortened along the predetermined axis.

Aspects of the technology relate to propulsion systems for high altitude, long duration balloons, such as balloons that operate in the stratosphere for weeks, months or longer. A propeller assembly is used to provide lateral directional adjustments, which allows the balloon to spend more time over a desired region, reduce the return time to the desired region, reduce fleet overprovisioning, and increases the safety case by additional controls and avoidance abilities. A control assembly manages operation of the propeller assembly, including setting the pointing direction, speed of rotation and determining when to turn on the propeller and for how long. The propulsion system including the control and propeller assemblies is rotatable around a connection member of the balloon. Such rotation is independently adjustable from any rotation of the balloon's payload. The propeller blades may be made of plastic, which reduces weight and cost while providing sufficient speed at stratospheric altitudes.

Aspects of the technology relate to propulsion systems for high altitude, long duration balloons, such as balloons that operate in the stratosphere for weeks, months or longer. A propeller assembly is used to provide lateral directional adjustments, which allows the balloon to spend more time over a desired region, reduce the return time to the desired region, reduce fleet overprovisioning, and increases the safety case by additional controls and avoidance abilities. A control assembly manages operation of the propeller assembly, including setting the pointing direction, speed of rotation and determining when to turn on the propeller and for how long. The propulsion system including the control and propeller assemblies is rotatable around a connection member of the balloon. Such rotation is independently adjustable from any rotation of the balloon's payload. The propeller blades may be made of plastic, which reduces weight and cost while providing sufficient speed at stratospheric altitudes.

Aspects of the technology relate to lighter-than-air (LTA) high altitude platforms configured to operate in the stratosphere. Such platforms can generate operate for weeks, months or longer. Shaped envelope LTA platforms may support a payload that provides telecommunications and/or other services to remote regions around the world. The payload may be arranged with other components on a modular bus-type chassis. One or more components may be moveable along the chassis to change the pitch of the vehicle for more effective flight operation. The modular chassis may include a truss configuration assembled from one or more subunits. The subunits may be preassembled with different equipment packages. Trusses formed using sets of struts may have two or more struts terminating at one interconnection node. Node connection elements, such as compound dovetail interconnects, facilitate a reliable, repeatable and quick mounting method for structural interconnections, which can lead to faster assembly and disassembly times.

Aspects of the technology relate to altitude control and lateral propulsion systems in lighter-than-air (LTA) platforms configured to operate in the stratosphere. For instance, an LTA platform may include an envelope filled with lift gas and a payload for providing telecommunication or video services. A fault or failure condition with one or more components of these systems, or with the envelope of the LTA platform itself, can prevent a high altitude platform (HAP) from operating as intended, or otherwise reduce its useful life. Onboard systems are configured to handle adverse conditions, such as a fault or failure of the envelope, an altitude control system component, or the lateral propulsion system. This may be done according to one or more ranked lists of adverse operational conditions. Different conditions may map to different corrective actions, which may be prioritized in importance, for instance to reduce the chance of catastrophic system failure.

The present invention discloses a large-scale semi-rigid structure airship, relating to the technical field of aerostats, which comprises a ship body, vector side thrusters, a vector tail thruster, an X-shaped inflatable tail fin, air cushions, and a pod, wherein the ship body comprises a pretensioned capsule and a tensegrity keel; the pretensioned capsule is sleeved onto an outer surface of the tensegrity keel in a pretensioning mode; the vector side thrusters are provided at lower-side portions of the ship body; the vector tail thruster is provided at the tail of the ship body; the X-shaped inflatable tail fin is arranged at the tail of the ship body in an X shape; the air cushions are provided at lower portions of the ship body; and the pod is provided at a lower portion of the ship body. The airship of the present invention uses a structure of integrated and synergistic force bearing by an integral keel of a tension-compression self-balancing system and the pretensioned capsule, and has characteristics of integral conformity of the capsule under a zero pressure, an integral rigidity under a low pressure, high load bearing, a flexible load arrangement, and high-efficiency transfer.

A propulsion system for omnidirectional maneuverability and efficient forward flight of an airship. The propulsion system includes only fixed, unidirectional engines (17, 19, 20). Thrust vectors of the fixed engines (19, 20) are oriented in a way that their speeds can be chosen such that all forces acting on the airship (i.e., engine thrusts, gravity, buoyancy, wind and potentially others) together result in the desired motion. The engines may be four ducted fans (17) at the bow of the aircraft and four ducted fans (19) at the stern of the aircraft. The thrust vectors of the engines can be decomposed into three vectors of equal length that are each parallel to one of the three axes of a Cartesian coordinate system. Efficient forward flight is achieved by an additional engine (20) at the stern of the airship.

A propulsion system for omnidirectional maneuverability and efficient forward flight of an airship. The propulsion system includes only fixed, unidirectional engines (17, 19, 20). Thrust vectors of the fixed engines (19, 20) are oriented in a way that their speeds can be chosen such that all forces acting on the airship (i.e., engine thrusts, gravity, buoyancy, wind and potentially others) together result in the desired motion. The engines may be four ducted fans (17) at the bow of the aircraft and four ducted fans (19) at the stern of the aircraft. The thrust vectors of the engines can be decomposed into three vectors of equal length that are each parallel to one of the three axes of a Cartesian coordinate system. Efficient forward flight is achieved by an additional engine (20) at the stern of the airship.

A hybrid airship-aerostat includes a hull, a motor, a fin, a controller, and a bridle system. The motor is coupled to the hull and is configured to rotate between a thrust configuration and a lift configuration. The motor is configured to generate a lift force, a thrust force, or a combination thereof. The fin is coupled to a tail of the hull and is configured to provide directional control of the hull. The controller is configured to operate the motor and the fin to pilot the hull. The bridle system is configured to removably couple to a first end of a tether.

A hybrid airship-aerostat includes a hull, a motor, a fin, a controller, and a bridle system. The motor is coupled to the hull and is configured to rotate between a thrust configuration and a lift configuration. The motor is configured to generate a lift force, a thrust force, or a combination thereof. The fin is coupled to a tail of the hull and is configured to provide directional control of the hull. The controller is configured to operate the motor and the fin to pilot the hull. The bridle system is configured to removably couple to a first end of a tether.