Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and compositions for the pretreatment of biomass within seconds with low inhibitor formation. The pretreatment process is used to convert biomass to a fuel or other useful chemicals by subjecting the feedstock to a rapid retention time under pressure and temperature and/or chemical reactant. The system includes a continuously-operating valve discharge apparatus to discharge pretreated feedstock while maintaining uniform pressure on the pretreatment system.

A deformable feeding membrane for an apparatus that pneumatically conveys solid or semi-solid materials, e.g., gravel or crushed rock. The deformable feeding membrane includes a tubular portion adjacent an inlet feed auger. The sidewalls of the tubular portion includes sidewalls that are outwardly deformable, so that gravel or rocks that might otherwise become pinched or stuck between an inner sidewall of the feeding membrane tube and a flyte of a screw auger can pass through the membrane tube, with sufficient space provided by the deflection of the feeding membrane tube wall. In an embodiment, the tubular portion may be provided sufficiently elastic so that the flexible tubular sidewall may be operably displaced a distance delta (), wherein the distance delta () may be at least as large as the thickness of the sidewalls of the tubular portion.

A deformable feeding membrane for an apparatus that pneumatically conveys solid or semi-solid materials, e.g., gravel or crushed rock. The deformable feeding membrane includes a tubular portion adjacent an inlet feed auger. The sidewalls of the tubular portion includes sidewalls that are outwardly deformable, so that gravel or rocks that might otherwise become pinched or stuck between an inner sidewall of the feeding membrane tube and a flyte of a screw auger can pass through the membrane tube, with sufficient space provided by the deflection of the feeding membrane tube wall. In an embodiment, the tubular portion may be provided sufficiently elastic so that the flexible tubular sidewall may be operably displaced a distance delta (), wherein the distance delta () may be at least as large as the thickness of the sidewalls of the tubular portion.

There as herein defined a pneumatic conveying system comprising a cyclonic feed apparatus. In particular, there is described a pneumatic conveying system comprising a vessel (e.g. a cyclonic separator) in combination with a sifting device (e.g. a centrifugal device) which is capable of separating pneumatically conveyed material into oversize powder discharge (e.g. waste material) and fine powder discharge (e.g. valuable product material).

The invention relates to a discharge screw arrangement (12) for discharging lignocellulosic material (7) from a lignocellulosic treatment reactor (1) and comprises a discharge screw (10), a feeder pipe (11) and a blow pipe (5), the discharge screw being accommodated in and rotatably arranged inside the feeder pipe and being configured to mechanically transport the lignocellulosic material in a longitudinal direction along a rotational axis of the discharge screw through the feeder pipe towards a downstream end (14) of the feeder pipe, which discharge screw arrangement is configured to allow steam to flow through the feeder pipe to help transporting the lignocellulosic material in the longitudinal direction along through the feeder pipe and out of the feeder pipe through an outlet nozzle (24) arranged in a side wall of the feeder pipe (11) at the downstream end of the feeder pipe and into the blow pipe, wherein the discharge screw arrangement further comprises a material spreader (20), which is rotatably arranged at the downstream end of the feeder pipe and is configured to transport the lignocellulosic material in a radial direction, perpendicular to a rotational axis of the material spreader, towards the outlet nozzle, which is arranged peripherally of the material spreader, and out of the feeder pipe through the outlet nozzle and into the blow pipe.

The invention relates to a discharge screw arrangement (12) for discharging lignocellulosic material (7) from a lignocellulosic treatment reactor (1) and comprises a discharge screw (10), a feeder pipe (11) and a blow pipe (5), the discharge screw being accommodated in and rotatably arranged inside the feeder pipe and being configured to mechanically transport the lignocellulosic material in a longitudinal direction along a rotational axis of the discharge screw through the feeder pipe towards a downstream end (14) of the feeder pipe, which discharge screw arrangement is configured to allow steam to flow through the feeder pipe to help transporting the lignocellulosic material in the longitudinal direction along through the feeder pipe and out of the feeder pipe through an outlet nozzle (24) arranged in a side wall of the feeder pipe (11) at the downstream end of the feeder pipe and into the blow pipe, wherein the discharge screw arrangement further comprises a material spreader (20), which is rotatably arranged at the downstream end of the feeder pipe and is configured to transport the lignocellulosic material in a radial direction, perpendicular to a rotational axis of the material spreader, towards the outlet nozzle, which is arranged peripherally of the material spreader, and out of the feeder pipe through the outlet nozzle and into the blow pipe.

An agricultural wagon for moving particulate material from within the wagon to a separate storage vessel is provided. The wagon includes a bin defined by walls. The wagon may also include one or two augers, such as a floor and lift auger for moving the material from within the bin to the storage vessel. The lift auger is movable relative to the storage bin such that it can dispense the material via a hood from either the left or right sides of the bin, such as at either the left or right and front corners of the bin. A mechanism including actuators and a guide can aid in moving the auger to the desired side for dispensing. The lift auger can further be folded in front of the bin when in a transport configuration, such as traveling on a road.

An agricultural wagon for moving particulate material from within the wagon to a separate storage vessel is provided. The wagon includes a bin defined by walls. The wagon may also include one or two augers, such as a floor and lift auger for moving the material from within the bin to the storage vessel. The lift auger is movable relative to the storage bin such that it can dispense the material via a hood from either the left or right sides of the bin, such as at either the left or right and front corners of the bin. A mechanism including actuators and a guide can aid in moving the auger to the desired side for dispensing. The lift auger can further be folded in front of the bin when in a transport configuration, such as traveling on a road.

The present disclosure provides a cold firework spurting apparatus, comprising: a feeding device; a conveying device; a heating mechanism; and a spurting device configured to ignite and spurt the metal powder heated by the heating mechanism, wherein an output end of the feeding device is open to the conveying device and an output end of the conveying device is open to the spurting device. Accordingly, the metal powder inside the conveying device is continuously heated by the heating mechanism attached to the conveying device during the conveying process such that the metal powder is constantly heated during the conveying process so as to form the metal powder ignited at high temperature. The ignited metal powder at high temperature is led and spurted outwards by means of an air flow formed by the spurting device so as to form a spurting effect of cold firework.

The present disclosure provides a cold firework spurting apparatus, comprising: a feeding device; a conveying device; a heating mechanism; and a spurting device configured to ignite and spurt the metal powder heated by the heating mechanism, wherein an output end of the feeding device is open to the conveying device and an output end of the conveying device is open to the spurting device. Accordingly, the metal powder inside the conveying device is continuously heated by the heating mechanism attached to the conveying device during the conveying process such that the metal powder is constantly heated during the conveying process so as to form the metal powder ignited at high temperature. The ignited metal powder at high temperature is led and spurted outwards by means of an air flow formed by the spurting device so as to form a spurting effect of cold firework.