Compositions comprising nanoparticles, nanoplexes or virus comprising isolated nucleic acid comprising nucleic acid encoding a mammalian, and methods of using the compositions, are provided.

Use of 2-pentanone and specific receptor thereof in a manufacture of a product regulating a cell function, a regulation of cell function, a manufacture of a product promoting an increase in an intracellular calcium ion concentration, or a manufacture of a product promoting an increase in a neuronal firing rate is provided. In the present disclosure, the specific receptor of 2-pentanone is expressed in cultured cells or animals, and its specific binding to 2-pentanone opens ligand-gated cation channels, resulting in an increase of intracellular calcium ion concentration, depolarization of cell membranes, and generation of electrical activity or endocrine activity, thereby finally achieving precise regulation of tissue cells and organ functions. After being treated, cells can be activated rapidly, producing effects with a rapid onset; once the treatment is stopped, the experimental effect can be quickly terminated to allow the cells to return to their original state quickly.

Provided herein are novel AAV capsids and rAAV comprising the same. In one embodiment, vectors employing the AAV capsid show increased transduction in a selected tissue as compared to a prior art AAV.

This document relates to bioengineering and involves bioengineered thymus organoids and related humanized animal models. The thymus organoids and animal models have various commercial and clinical uses, including generating humanized antibodies, making antigen-specific human T cells, inducing transplantation tolerance, rejuvenating thymus functions, and modeling human diseases.

An object of the present invention is to provide an evaluation system capable of detecting an extracellular purinergic receptor ligand minimally invasively, chronologically and systemically, and the present invention provides a genetically modified non-human animal expressing a first fusion protein and a second fusion protein for detecting an extracellular purinergic receptor ligand, in which the first fusion protein comprises a membrane protein that binds to a purinergic receptor ligand, and a first reporter protein, and the second fusion protein comprises a protein that binds to the membrane protein bound to the ligand, and a second reporter protein; and a cell thereof.

Provided is an obsessive-compulsive disorder animal model and a production method thereof, in which a neuronal circuit connecting the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) is activated. In the present disclosure, it was confirmed that the BLA and DMS are connected to each other, and that when the BLA-DMS neuronal circuit is activated, there is a large increase in checking, repeating, cleaning, and collecting, which are compulsive behaviors representative of obsessive-compulsive disorder, and a decrease in cognitive flexibility. Therefore, animals in which the BLA-DMS neuronal circuit is activated may be useful as animal models for studying obsessive-compulsive disorder. In particular, the obsessive-compulsive disorder animal model can reproduce all of the compulsive behaviors and thus may become the first animal model to provide an understanding of the interactions between anxiety behaviors and compulsive behaviors, which existing animal models have not been able to provide.

The invention discloses methods for the generation of chimaeric human-non-human antibodies and chimaeric antibody chains, antibodies and antibody chains so produced, and derivatives thereof including fully humanised antibodies; compositions comprising said antibodies, antibody chains and derivatives, as well as cells, non-human mammals and vectors, suitable for use in said methods.

Various methods and compositions for treating age-associated conditions and other medical conditions, such as muscle diseases, type 2 diabetes, and/or obesity are described. Methods of enhancing cellular uptake of NMN and stimulating NAD+ production are further described. Various mammalian cells and mammalian cell lines are described including those comprising a cDNA encoding a Slc12a8 protein. Gene therapy vectors comprising a nucleic acid encoding Slc12a8 and non-human animals comprising an inactivating mutation in a Slc12a8 gene are also disclosed. Also described are methods for screening a candidate compound to identify compounds that promote NMN transport.

The present invention relates to a brain tumor animal model that directly reflects the phenomenon in a human patient and a method of preparing the same, and more specifically, a brain tumor animal model that mutations are introduced into p53, Pten, and EGFR genes, a screening method of a therapeutic agent for a brain tumor using the animal model, and a preparing method thereof.

The present disclosure relates to genetically modified non-human animals that express a human or chimeric (e.g., humanized) LAG3, and methods of use thereof.