To identify a microorganism causing the development of primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with ulcerative colitis. A Klebsiella pneumoniae strain inducing inflammation in the liver.

Kidney tissue-derived stem cells or organoids according to the present invention are easy to apply for treatment, may be supplied in large amounts due to their high self-renewal capacity, have an excellent ability to differentiate into kidney cells, are less likely to form tumors, and have an excellent ability to regenerate damaged tissue when injected directly into lesions. Therefore, they may be used very suitably for regenerative therapy based on adult stem cells among these stem cells. In addition, a composition according to the present invention is capable of specifically selecting only kidney tissue-derived stem cells among kidney cells. Furthermore, kidney tissue-derived stem cells expressing Lrig1 protein or a gene encoding the same have excellent self-renewal and pluripotent abilities and are able to differentiate into nephrons, and thus they may be used very effectively for the prevention or treatment of kidney disease.

The invention provides a genetically modified non-human animal that comprises in its genome foreign ? and ? T cell receptor variable gene coding fragments, as well as its tissues, embryos, and cells. Also provided are constructs and methods for making said genetically modified non-human animal. Human T cell receptor (TCR) cloning and repertoire analysis are also included. Applications for using said animal in infectious diseases are also provided.

As described herein, Mrap2 negatively regulates weight gain in animals. Accordingly, provided herein are cells, animals, and methods relating to the inhibition of Mrap2 to increase the rate of growth in cells and/or animals, e.g. animals comprising Mrap2 modifications to improve production of animal products.

A knock-in non-human mammal comprising a recombinant androgen receptor (AR) cassette containing an exogenous human polyglutamine (polyQ) tract encoding sequence in exon 1, wherein the human polyQ tract encoding sequence is stably integrated into the genome of the animal. Also provided are recombinant cells, fertilized eggs and tissues. The resulting animal displays a wide range of phenotypes, best characterized as Metabolic Syndrome and can be used in screening and other assays.

One or more embodiments of the present invention include an immunodeficient mouse genetically modified to include a gene encoding a PiZ variant (Glu342Lys) of human -1 antitrypsin (AAT), wherein the mouse expresses the PiZ variant of human -1 antitrypsin (Z-AAT), and has a reduced number of mouse hepatocytes compared to an immunodeficient mouse of the same type which does not express Z-AAT. The immunodeficient mouse genetically modified to include a gene encoding a PiZ variant of human AAT can be a genetically modified NSG, NRG or NOG mouse. The immunodeficient mouse may further include xenogeneic hepatocytes, such as human hepatocytes. Putative treatments of human liver disease can be assessed in mice provided according to aspects of the present disclosure.

Methods of producing non-human animal models of corneal angiogenesis and corneal ectatic diseases, such as corneal keratoconus, by applying an aromatic compound to the eye of a non-human animal are described. Also described are non-human animal models of corneal angiogenesis and corneal ectatic diseases, and methods of using the non-human animal models to screen compounds that modulate corneal angiogenesis and corneal ectatic diseases.

The present invention relates to: a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans in which a glutamine tRNA 5 terminus-derived fragment (Gln 5-tsRNA) is overexpressed; a preparation method therefor; and a method for screening for aging-associated factors by using the transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans. A transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans model provided in the present invention is an animal model in which Gln 5-tsRNA is overexpressed such that aging is inhibited. When the model of the present invention is used, anti-aging mechanisms can be easily investigated, thereby significantly contributing to various research fields such as that of developing new anti-aging drugs and screening for age-inducing materials.

Provided are compounds that target the lanthionine synthetase C-like protein 2 pathway and cells, such as immune cells, prepared in vitro with the compounds. The compounds and cells can be used to treat a number of conditions, including infectious diseases, hyperproliferative disorders, inborn errors of metabolism, chronic immunometabolic diseases, autoimmune diseases, organ transplant rejection, inflammatory disorders, and chronic pain, among others.

Provided are compounds, methods, and pharmaceutical compositions for reducing the amount or activity of NLRP3 RNA in a cell or subject, and in certain instances reducing the amount of NLRP3 protein in a cell or subject. These compounds, methods, and pharmaceutical compositions are useful to ameliorate at least one symptom of a kidney injury or kidney disease, including acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. The compounds, methods, and pharmaceutical compositions are further useful in the treatment of a cardiac disorder or cardiac injury.