Provided is a biomarker for bipolar disorder, comprising Syt7 gene and/or an expression product thereof. Also provided is use of the Syt7 gene and/or the expression product thereof in the preparing a medicament for treating bipolar disorder. By monitoring the Syt7 gene and/or the expression product thereof, medicaments for treating bipolar disorder can be screened, thus providing support for diagnosis and treatment targeting Syt7 molecules.

The invention is directed to a hypertension animal model, and methods of using the same to induce heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) responses.

This document relates to bioengineering and involves bioengineered thymus organoids and related humanized animal models. The thymus organoids and animal models have various commercial and clinical uses, including generating humanized antibodies, making antigen-specific human T cells, inducing transplantation tolerance, rejuvenating thymus functions, and modeling human diseases.

An object of the present invention is to provide an evaluation system capable of detecting an extracellular purinergic receptor ligand minimally invasively, chronologically and systemically, and the present invention provides a genetically modified non-human animal expressing a first fusion protein and a second fusion protein for detecting an extracellular purinergic receptor ligand, in which the first fusion protein comprises a membrane protein that binds to a purinergic receptor ligand, and a first reporter protein, and the second fusion protein comprises a protein that binds to the membrane protein bound to the ligand, and a second reporter protein; and a cell thereof.

An object of the present invention is to provide an evaluation system capable of detecting an extracellular purinergic receptor ligand minimally invasively, chronologically and systemically, and the present invention provides a genetically modified non-human animal expressing a first fusion protein and a second fusion protein for detecting an extracellular purinergic receptor ligand, in which the first fusion protein comprises a membrane protein that binds to a purinergic receptor ligand, and a first reporter protein, and the second fusion protein comprises a protein that binds to the membrane protein bound to the ligand, and a second reporter protein; and a cell thereof.

Provided is an obsessive-compulsive disorder animal model and a production method thereof, in which a neuronal circuit connecting the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) is activated. In the present disclosure, it was confirmed that the BLA and DMS are connected to each other, and that when the BLA-DMS neuronal circuit is activated, there is a large increase in checking, repeating, cleaning, and collecting, which are compulsive behaviors representative of obsessive-compulsive disorder, and a decrease in cognitive flexibility. Therefore, animals in which the BLA-DMS neuronal circuit is activated may be useful as animal models for studying obsessive-compulsive disorder. In particular, the obsessive-compulsive disorder animal model can reproduce all of the compulsive behaviors and thus may become the first animal model to provide an understanding of the interactions between anxiety behaviors and compulsive behaviors, which existing animal models have not been able to provide.

The invention discloses methods for the generation of chimaeric human-non-human antibodies and chimaeric antibody chains, antibodies and antibody chains so produced, and derivatives thereof including fully humanised antibodies; compositions comprising said antibodies, antibody chains and derivatives, as well as cells, non-human mammals and vectors, suitable for use in said methods.

The present invention relates to a brain tumor animal model that directly reflects the phenomenon in a human patient and a method of preparing the same, and more specifically, a brain tumor animal model that mutations are introduced into p53, Pten, and EGFR genes, a screening method of a therapeutic agent for a brain tumor using the animal model, and a preparing method thereof.

The present disclosure relates to genetically modified non-human animals that express a human or chimeric (e.g., humanized) LAG3, and methods of use thereof.

Non-human animals comprising a human or humanized IL-4 and/or IL-4Rα nucleic acid sequence are provided. Non-human animals that comprise a replacement of the endogenous IL-4 gene and/or IL-4Rα gene with a human IL-4 gene and/or IL-4Rα gene in whole or in part, and methods for making and using the non-human animals, are described. Non-human animals comprising a human or humanized IL-4 gene under control of non-human IL-4 regulatory elements is also provided, including non-human animals that have a replacement of non-human IL-4-encoding sequence with human IL-4-encoding sequence at an endogenous non-human IL-4 locus. Non-human animals comprising a human or humanized IL-4Rα gene under control of non-human IL-4Rα regulatory elements is also provided, including non-human animals that have a replacement of non-human IL-4Rα-encoding sequence with human or humanized IL-4Rα-encoding sequence at an endogenous non-human C IL-4Rα locus. Non-human animals comprising human or humanized IL-4 gene and/or IL-4Rα sequences, wherein the non-human animals are rodents, e.g., mice or rats, are provided.