A synthetic polymer film includes a surface which has a plurality of raised portions. A two-dimensional size of the plurality of raised portions is in a range of more than 20 nm and less than 500 nm when viewed in a normal direction of the synthetic polymer film. The surface has a microbicidal effect. Further, a concentration of a nitrogen element included in the surface is not less than 0.7 at %.

The invention relates to use of a composition comprising a cationic surfactant, which comprises a primary or secondary ammonium head group and a linear unsubstituted C12-alkyl tail, for inducing germination of bacterial endospores in pulp suspension for making of paper, board or the like. The invention relates also to a method for quantitatively reducing bacterial endospores in pulp suspension for making of paper, board or the like. The method comprises obtaining of aqueous pulp suspension, and administering the said composition to the pulp suspension. The cationic surfactant is allowed to interact with bacterial endospores in the pulp suspension. Germination of endospores and destroying microorganisms is thus induced.

The invention relates to use of a composition comprising a cationic surfactant, which comprises a primary or secondary ammonium head group and a linear unsubstituted C12-alkyl tail, for inducing germination of bacterial endospores in pulp suspension for making of paper, board or the like. The invention relates also to a method for quantitatively reducing bacterial endospores in pulp suspension for making of paper, board or the like. The method comprises obtaining of aqueous pulp suspension, and administering the said composition to the pulp suspension. The cationic surfactant is allowed to interact with bacterial endospores in the pulp suspension. Germination of endospores and destroying microorganisms is thus induced.

The invention relates to use of a composition comprising a cationic surfactant, which comprises a primary or secondary ammonium head group and a linear unsubstituted C12-alkyl tail, for inducing germination of bacterial endospores in pulp suspension for making of paper, board or the like. The invention relates also to a method for quantitatively reducing bacterial endospores in pulp suspension for making of paper, board or the like. The method comprises obtaining of aqueous pulp suspension, and administering the said composition to the pulp suspension. The cationic surfactant is allowed to interact with bacterial endospores in the pulp suspension. Germination of endospores and destroying microorganisms is thus induced.

Applicants have developed novel methods and compositions for treating, preventing or ameliorating the effects plant phytopathogen infestation in plants, including of Candidatus Liberibacter spp. the causal agents of citrus greening and potato zebrachip disease. Novel compositions include one or more active agents of aminocaproic acid, carbinoxamine maleate, chloroxylenol, chlorpropamide, cinoxacin, duartin, and cyclopentolate hydrochloride as well as their derivatives, or salt/acid forms thereof. Methods of preventing disease development and infestation by plant pathogens are disclosed as well as methods of making, using and producing such compositions.

Applicants have developed novel methods and compositions for treating, preventing or ameliorating the effects plant phytopathogen infestation in plants, including of Candidatus Liberibacter spp. the causal agents of citrus greening and potato zebrachip disease. Novel compositions include one or more active agents of aminocaproic acid, carbinoxamine maleate, chloroxylenol, chlorpropamide, cinoxacin, duartin, and cyclopentolate hydrochloride as well as their derivatives, or salt/acid forms thereof. Methods of preventing disease development and infestation by plant pathogens are disclosed as well as methods of making, using and producing such compositions.

A method of controlling phytopathogenic diseases on useful plants or on propagation material thereof, which comprises applying to the useful plants, the locus thereof or propagation material thereof a combination of components (A) and (B) in a synergistically effective amount, wherein component (A) is a compound of formula I compound of formula I ##STR00001## wherein R is hydrogen or methoxy; Q is ##STR00002## R.sub.1 is hydrogen, halogen or C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl; R.sub.2 is hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6alkenyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.6alkinyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.6cycloalkyl-C.sub.3-C.sub.6alkinyl, halophenoxy, halophenyl-C.sub.3-C.sub.6alkinyl, C(C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl)NOC.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6haloalkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6haloalkoxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.6haloalkenyl, or C.sub.2-C.sub.6haloalkenyloxy; R.sub.3 is hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl; R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6, independently from each other, are hydrogen, halogen or --R.sub.7; with the proviso that at least one of R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 is different from hydrogen; R.sub.7 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6haloalkyl or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkoxyalkyl; and R.sub.8 is hydrogen or methoxy; and agrochemically acceptable salts/isomers/structural isomers/stereoisomers/diastereoisomers/enantiomers/tautomers and N-oxides of those compounds; and component (B) is a compound selected from compounds known for their fungicidal and/or insecticidal activity, is particularly effective in controlling or preventing fungal diseases of useful plants.

A method of controlling phytopathogenic diseases on useful plants or on propagation material thereof, which comprises applying to the useful plants, the locus thereof or propagation material thereof a combination of components (A) and (B) in a synergistically effective amount, wherein component (A) is a compound of formula I compound of formula I ##STR00001## wherein R is hydrogen or methoxy; Q is ##STR00002## R.sub.1 is hydrogen, halogen or C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl; R.sub.2 is hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6alkenyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.6alkinyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.6cycloalkyl-C.sub.3-C.sub.6alkinyl, halophenoxy, halophenyl-C.sub.3-C.sub.6alkinyl, C(C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl)NOC.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6haloalkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6haloalkoxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.6haloalkenyl, or C.sub.2-C.sub.6haloalkenyloxy; R.sub.3 is hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl; R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6, independently from each other, are hydrogen, halogen or --R.sub.7; with the proviso that at least one of R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 is different from hydrogen; R.sub.7 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6haloalkyl or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkoxyalkyl; and R.sub.8 is hydrogen or methoxy; and agrochemically acceptable salts/isomers/structural isomers/stereoisomers/diastereoisomers/enantiomers/tautomers and N-oxides of those compounds; and component (B) is a compound selected from compounds known for their fungicidal and/or insecticidal activity, is particularly effective in controlling or preventing fungal diseases of useful plants.

This invention relates to anti-microbial active particles, compositions and uses thereof for inhibiting bacterial growth on surfaces or devices. This invention further discloses methods of making such anti-microbial active particles.

This invention relates to anti-microbial active particles, compositions and uses thereof for inhibiting bacterial growth on surfaces or devices. This invention further discloses methods of making such anti-microbial active particles.