New metrics are disclosed for characterizing polyethylene copolymers which can be computed from the Cross-Fractionation Chromatography data of these polymers. These metrics are able to quantify the Broad Orthogonal Composition Distribution (BOCD) character of the polymers, and they can be used to discriminate polymers with an enhanced BOCD character from polymers that have the BOCD character to a lesser extent or from polymers that have the conventional molecular weight distribution and/or branching distribution.

The present invention is in the field of sample preparation. In particular, it relates to methods for preparing samples prior to performing nucleic acid amplification.

The present invention provides a method and apparatus for processing to improve the properties of pyrolysis oil and, as a result, the commercial value of the same. The net result is creation of an oil with a much lighter color in lieu of the black color, reducing or elimination the undesired sulfury/amine aroma and reducing the amount of PAH which is believed to be a carcinogen.

A liquid carbon dioxide supply device is configured to supply liquid carbon dioxide to a supercritical fluid apparatus including a separation column, and includes a first flow path, a second flow path, a compressor, a heat exchanger and a pump. The compressor circulates a refrigerant through the first flow path such that a refrigerant cycle is repeated. The heat exchanger exchanges heat between the first flow path and the second flow path. The pump supplies liquid carbon dioxide flowing through the second flow path to the separation column of the supercritical fluid apparatus.

An analysis apparatus column oven equipped with a plurality of columns is capable of efficiently performing heat conduction on column basis, recognizing a column cartridge that holds a column, and being easily exchanged on column basis. The column change mechanism includes a ferrule, a movable ferrule connector, a pipe, a fastener pull, a fastener fitting, a column cartridge presser, a slide guide, an RFID reader, a fixed wall, a column changer heat insulating member, a fixed bottom plate, a receiver, and a fixed fitting. A plurality of column cartridges can be installed in the heat block, and are in contact with the column heat block to control the temperature in the column cartridges. The column cartridge is fixed between left and right column change mechanisms, and when the fixed column cartridge is opened, the column change mechanism on the left side is moved leftward and opened.

A method increase of the Resolution Index (Rl) of a chromatogram generated from a polymer sample comprising at least two olefin-based polymers of different microstructures and/or at least two olefin-based polymer fractions of different microstructures. The method comprises separating the mixture on a low-porosity stationary phase and repeatedly cycling the sample-stationary phase through a series of cooling and heating stages with active eluent flow only during the cooling stages and during the last heating stage to elute the separated analytes off the column.

A pre-heater assembly for pre-heating a fluid, in particular in a fluid separation apparatus, wherein the pre-heater assembly comprises a capillary having a lumen and being configured for conducting the fluid, and a thermal coupling body contacting at least part of the capillary, having a value of thermal conductivity in a range between 8 W/(m K) and 100 W/(m K) and being arrangable so that heat generated by a heat source is supplied to the capillary via at least part of the thermal coupling body.

A pre-heater assembly (90) for pre-heating a fluid, in particular in a fluid separation apparatus (10), wherein the pre-heater assembly (90) comprises a capillary (200) having a lumen and being configured for conducting the fluid, and a thermal coupling body (202) contacting at least part of the capillary (200), having a value of the thermal conductivity in a range between 8 W/(m K) and 100 W/(m K) and being arrangable so that heat generated by a heat source (80) is supplied to the capillary (200) via at least part of the thermal coupling body (202).

The present disclosure relates generally to a system of method development in a highly-compressible fluid based chromatography system. In particular, the disclosure relates to method development in a carbon dioxide based chromatography system which can avoid non-laminar flow conditions. The system can include characterization of the chromatographic system in the form of one or more charts that can be used during method development to select chromatographic separation conditions that avoid non-laminar flow. For example, the onset of non-laminar conditions can be plotted as a function of volumetric flow rate and the mobile phase composition, e.g., carbon dioxide: methanol (v/v %).

Implemented is an analysis apparatus column oven equipped with a plurality of columns, which is capable of efficiently performing heat conduction on column basis, recognizing a column cartridge that holds a column, and being easily exchanged on column basis. The column change mechanism includes the ferrule, the movable ferrule connector, the pipe, the fastener pull, the fastener fitting, the column cartridge presser, the slide guide, the RFID reader, the fixed wall, the column changer heat insulating member, the fixed bottom plate, the receiver, and the fixed fitting. A plurality of column cartridges can be installed in the heat block, and are in contact with the column heat block to control the temperature in the column cartridges. The column cartridge is fixed between left and right column change mechanisms, and when the fixed column cartridge is opened, the column change mechanism on the left side is moved leftward and opened.