A method for continuous exchange of material includes countercurrent contacting of a first fluid phase and a second fluid phase that are not completely miscible. The contacting is carried out in a single centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) apparatus into which only the first and second fluid phases introduced. The apparatus includes a plurality of cells, each with a stationary phase immobilized and a mobile phase passing through the stationary phase. The following steps are carried out successively: a) the mobile phase is formed by the first fluid phase, and the stationary phase immobilized in the cells is formed by the second fluid phase; b) the mobile phase is formed by the second fluid phase, and the stationary phase immobilized in the cells is formed by the first fluid phase; c) repetition of the succession of steps a) and b) each step being carried out immediately after the preceding step.

A cyclic chromatographic purification method for the isolation of a product from a feed mixture consisting of the product and at least one further component representing impurities, which impurities bind stronger to the chromatographic stationary phase than the product is given. The method uses at least two chromatographic adsorbers as chromatographic stationary phase, grouped into only one first adsorber section (1) and one second adsorber section (2), wherein if an adsorber section comprises more than one chromatographic adsorber these are permanently connected in series, wherein the first adsorber section (1) has a first adsorber section inlet and a first adsorber section outlet, and the second adsorber section (1) has a second adsorber section inlet and a second adsorber section outlet.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing cannabidiol by separation and purification using high-speed countercurrent chromatography, comprising: alcohol extraction and water precipitation, adsorption with a macroporous resin, and high-speed countercurrent chromatography separation. The present invention separates and obtains high-purity cannabidiol from industrial hemp flowers or leaves, while at the same time removing the psychotoxic component tetrahydrocannabinol by combining a macroporous resin chromatographic column with a high-speed countercurrent chromatograph, and optimizing process parameters, and the solvent used therein being environmentally friendly, leaving no residues, having low cost and being recyclable. Therefore, the method is suitable for industrial production.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing cannabidiol by separation and purification using high-speed countercurrent chromatography, comprising: alcohol extraction and water precipitation, adsorption with a macroporous resin, and high-speed countercurrent chromatography separation. The present invention separates and obtains high-purity cannabidiol from industrial hemp flowers or leaves, while at the same time removing the psychotoxic component tetrahydrocannabinol by combining a macroporous resin chromatographic column with a high-speed countercurrent chromatograph, and optimizing process parameters, and the solvent used therein being environmentally friendly, leaving no residues, having low cost and being recyclable. Therefore, the method is suitable for industrial production.

Described herein are methods of recovering lithium from dilute lithium sources. The methods include concentrating a dilute aqueous lithium source to yield an extraction feed having an extraction lithium concentration; extracting lithium from the extraction feed using direct lithium extraction in an extraction stage to yield a lithium intermediate; concentrating a stream obtained from the lithium intermediate in a concentration stage to yield a lithium concentrate; and converting lithium in the lithium concentrate to lithium hydroxide.

Described herein are methods of recovering lithium from dilute lithium sources. The methods include concentrating a dilute aqueous lithium source to yield an extraction feed having an extraction lithium concentration; extracting lithium from the extraction feed using direct lithium extraction in an extraction stage to yield a lithium intermediate; concentrating a stream obtained from the lithium intermediate in a concentration stage to yield a lithium concentrate; and converting lithium in the lithium concentrate to lithium hydroxide.

Described herein are methods of recovering lithium from dilute lithium sources. The methods include extracting lithium from an extraction feed using direct lithium extraction in an extraction stage to yield a lithium intermediate, performing one or more concentration operations, each concentration operation concentrating an input stream to yield an output feed, wherein the input stream is obtained from the lithium intermediate and/or the extraction feed is obtained from the output feed. At least one of the concentration operations includes a membrane separation operation having a plurality of reactors in series each having a semi-permeable membrane, such as a counter-flow reverse osmosis operation. Methods may also include generating a low TDS stream as a permeate from any of the one or more concentration operations, wherein the low TDS stream is recycled or used as fresh water.

The disclosure provides a filtration system for a cell culture apparatus and a method of cell culture. The filtration system comprises a bioreactor vessel and two or more alternating tangential flow (ATF) filters connected in parallel. A failure in either filter is detected by an in-line sensor, and an automated response system functions to sequester the malfunctioning filter by stopping the flow of liquid media through the filter. Media flow through the remaining operable filters can be increased so that the rate of perfusion through the bioreactor remains relatively unchanged. Such a system may prevent issues that arise from ATF filter failures in conventional perfusion bioreactors, thereby improving the long-term viability of cell cultures.

A chromatographic separation method for separating plural components contained in a liquid to be separated by a chromatography, with a separating device 1 including plural filling portions 10 filled with a separating agent for separating the plural components contained in the liquid to be separated, a supply portion 20 provided in each of the plural filling portions 10 to supply the liquid to be separated or an eluent for extracting any component contained in the liquid to be separated to the filling portion 10, and an extraction portion 30 to extract any component contained in the liquid to be separated from the filling portion 10, the method including: an upward supplying and extracting step of extracting any component contained in the liquid to be separated from an upward stream extraction portion while supplying the eluent to at least one filling portion 10 from an upward stream supply portion by an upward stream.

Methods and systems directed to the separation of a heavy hydrogen isotope, e.g., tritium, from an aqueous stream are described. The methods and systems incorporate a separation media that includes a proton conducting ceramic that at low temperatures preferentially adsorbs heavy hydrogen isotopes and at high temperature preferentially adsorbs lighter heavy hydrogen isotopes. The methods can be temperature controlled to sequentially purify a contaminated stream and regenerate the separation media. The separation media can be free of traditional hydrogen isotope exchange catalyst materials.