A lixiviant medium for extracting gold from a gold-containing solid material contains a polyether-modified siloxane and a non-ionic surfactant. The lixiviant medium can be used in a method of extracting gold from a gold-containing solid material. The lixiviant medium can be prepared from a composition containing a non-ionic surfactant and a polyether-modified siloxane. A method of preparing the lixiviant medium involves mixing the composition with an alkali metal cyanide, a pH regulator suitable for setting a pH of the composition to a value of 9 or higher, and water.

A floor cleaning machine is provided. The floor cleaning machine includes a solution tank for a cleaning solution. A pre-canister sensor receives the cleaning solution and measures the concentration of any dissolved solids. A canister assembly receives a portion of the cleaning solution from the pre-canister sensor and dissolves portions of a solid chemical form into the cleaning solution thereby forming blended droplets. The canister assembly has a spray nozzle positioned vertically above the solid chemical form. A post-canister sensor receives a mixture of the cleaning solution from the pre-canister sensor and the blended droplets from the canister assembly. The post-canister sensor measures the concentration of any dissolved solids within the mixture of the cleaning solution from the pre-canister sensor and the blended droplets from the canister assembly. A comparison of the baseline and post-canister measurements outside of a desired range results in replacement of the solid chemical form.

A reaction product containing a non-cyclic alkoxy-functional polysiloxane is produced by heating a reaction system, which contains a cyclic polyorganosiloxane of the formula [(R.sup.1.sub.2SiO).sub.2/2].sub.n, where the subscript n is an integer of at least 4 and each R.sup.1 is an alkyl group or aryl group; a silane of the formula R.sup.2.sub.(4−m)Si(OR.sup.3).sub.m, where the subscript m is an integer from 1 to 4, each R.sup.2 independently is an alkyl group or aryl group, a hydrocarbyl group or a halogenated hydrocarbyl group and each R.sup.3 independently is an alkyl group; and a catalyst system comprising a metal trifluoromethanesulfonate of the formula [M].sup.+[CF.sub.3SO.sub.3].sup.−, where M is a metal atom selected from sodium (Na) and potassium (K), and a Brønsted acid, wherein Brønsted acids having a pKa≤3.0, preferably having a pKa≤2.0, particularly preferably having a pKa≤−0.0 are used.

An antifoaming agent including: (A) an organopolysiloxane having a hydrolysable group shown by the formula (1) on at least one silicon atom of an organopolysiloxane segment constituting a main chain and containing siloxy units shown by the formula (2) at an amount of at least 10 mol % of the total, (B) a non-linear organosilicon resin other than the organopolysiloxane of component (A); and (C) a hydrophobic filler, and a method for manufacturing thereof. ##STR00001##
(where X represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; and R each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms) ##STR00002##
(where R.sup.1 represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; and R.sup.2 represents an organic group having an aryl group and 6 to 12 carbon atoms, optionally containing an oxygen atom or a halogen atom)

A foam control agent comprising a linear polyorganosiloxane-polyoxyalkylene block copolymer comprising a single block of polyorganosiloxane having a DP of from 10 to 200 and a single block polyoxyalkylene block having a DP of from 2 to 60.

The invention relates to the use of a polysiloxane having a plurality of siloxane groups and at least one tertiary amide group covalently linked as a pending and/or terminal group to the polysiloxane, as a defoaming agent in a liquid composition.

The invention relates to the use of a polysiloxane having a plurality of siloxane groups and at least one tertiary amide group covalently linked as a pending and/or terminal group to the polysiloxane, as a defoaming agent in a liquid composition.

Branched SiOC-linked polyethersiloxanes have the following formula (I) ##STR00001##
where R.sup.1 is an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a phenyl radical, but preferably 90% of the radicals R.sup.1 are methyl radicals; b has a value of from 1 to 10; a has a value of from 1 to 200, preferably 10 to 100, a value of from 3 to 70 when b is ≥1 and ≤4, or a value of from 3 to 30 when b is >4; and R.sup.2 denotes identical or different polyether radicals, but at least one radical R.sup.2 is a structural element radical of formula (II): ##STR00002##
where p=at least 2, preferably p=2-6, particularly preferably p=3.

The present invention relates to a liquid/solid two-phase defoamer composition for reducing hydrocarbon foam and silicon carry-over, comprising a liquid polydimethylsiloxane and a solid silica powder, having effects of reducing the amount of foam generated during the thermal cracking reaction in a delayed coker and suppressing deactivation of catalysts by reducing the silicon carry-over to the subsequent processes.

A system includes a purification unit configured to process a vapor stream including sulfur dioxide. The purification unit includes an inlet configured to allow the vapor stream to enter the purification unit. The purification unit includes a steam coil configured to circulate steam and provide a source of heat. The purification unit includes a packed bed. The purification unit includes a tray configured to accumulate sulfur. The purification unit includes an absorber section configured to remove at least a portion of the sulfur dioxide from the vapor stream. The purification unit includes an outlet configured to allow an effluent with a lower sulfur dioxide content than the vapor stream to exit the purification unit. The system includes a sulfur tank including a vent line in fluid communication with the inlet. The vent line is configured to allow vapor to flow from the sulfur tank to the purification unit.