Intra-nasal filter devices and methods for their manufacture and use are disclosed. An intra-nasal filter device includes: a first stage filter proximate the septum; and a second stage filter comprising a flexible material extending upwardly from the first filter stage filter; wherein the flexible material comprises: an impedance in the range of 0.02 to 0.2 cmH.sub.2O; an effective cross-sectional area in the range of 0.2 to 2 square inches; and a plurality of radially extending geometric structures disposed along an axial length of the second stage.

An apparatus and methods are provided for an air filter precleaner for an open air filter box. The air filter precleaner includes a filter medium between a base and a grating that are fastened over an opening into an interior of the air filter box. The filter medium comprises a sheet of filter material having a shape and a size suitable for being supported between the base and the grating. The base is a rigid member that supports the filter medium in a sheet configuration, such that the airstream passes through the filter medium before entering the air filter box. The grating is a rigid member comprising a screen portion surrounded by a frame that is configured to be fastened onto the air filter box. The screen portion comprises a shaped lattice that allows the airstream to pass through the filter medium before entering the air filter box.

The present teachings include a fibrous structure including one or more nonwoven layers comprising a fibrous web layer and one or more functional insert layers for providing additional properties to the material. The one or more of the nonwoven layers and one or more functional insert layers may be lapped together to form a vertically lapped structure. The present teachings also include a method of forming the fibrous structure.

A nonwoven filtration medium that includes a fibrous base media including synthetic and/or fiberglass fibers and microfibrillated cellulose fibers.

An internal combustion engine including a urea-water solution injection in the exhaust system, includes at least one urea-water solution tank, at least one pump, at least one intake line leading to the pump, at least one urea-water solution metering valve which is connected to the pump with the aid of a pressure line, and at least one return line which leads from the pump to the urea-water solution tank and at whose end opposite to the pump a filter element is situated, as well as at least one urea-water solution sensor situated in the urea-water solution tank.

A process of forming a fiber comprised of a plurality of bio-char particles, comprising: combining a portion of a polymer with a hemp derivative, said hemp derivative selected form a hemp carbon made by pyrolyzing a quantity of hemp stalk at between 1100-1500 C. to create a char; adding the char to a milling vessel and milling the char for a period of between 1 to 16 hours, and a full spectrum hemp extract, or combinations thereof, wherein the polymer and hemp derivative are extruded to form a fiber.

A nonwoven filtration medium that includes a fibrous base media including synthetic and/or natural fibers and microfibrillated cellulose fibers.

The present invention relates generally to compositions for use in biological and chemical separations, as well as other applications. More specifically, the present invention relates to hybrid felts fabricated from electrospun nanofibers with high permeance and high capacity. Such hybrid felts utilize derivatized cellulose, and at least one non-cellulose-based polymer that may be removed from the felt by subjecting it to moderately elevated temperatures and/or solvents capable of dissolving the non-cellulose-based polymer to leave behind a porous nanofiber felt having more uniform pore sizes and other enhanced properties when compared to single component nanofiber felts.

A filtration vessel, having within constituent filter media is formed using plastic injection molding to meet the interior specifications of a high-pressure filtration encasement system while remaining a separate replaceable component. The encasement system supports and encases walls of the filtration vessel enabling the vessel to be designed with sufficient strength and resiliency to form a seal and constrain filter media prior to and after use without necessitating construction to endure independent high-pressure operations. The bottom or base of the vessel includes a plurality of holes through which the filtrate may flow. Interposed between the base of the vessel and the filter media is a semi-permeable barrier imbedded into the injection molded walls and base of the vessel. The barrier prevents residue from contaminating the filtrate.

A fabrication method for a water-absorbent filter includes obtaining a homogenized tragacanth suspension by dissolving tragacanth in a solvent, where the solvent may include distilled water, ethyl acetate, acetic acid, and formic acid, obtaining a support layer by coating a stainless steel mesh with a thin layer of a hydrophobic polymer, coating a stainless steel mesh with the thin layer of the hydrophobic polymer comprising electrospinning a hydrophobic polymer solution onto the stainless steel mesh, forming a tragacanth nanofibrous web on the support layer by electrospinning the homogenized tragacanth suspension onto the support layer, and cross-linking the tragacanth nanofibrous web by exposing the tragacanth nanofibrous web to a saturated vapor of a cross-linking agent.