Systems, devices, and techniques described herein relate to iron-based desalination of water. In some cases, an inflow of water including chlorine and sodium can be received. A plurality of iron nanoparticles may capture the chlorine and the sodium. The iron nanoparticles may at least partially include Zero Valent Iron (ZVI). An outflow of the water may be emitted. The chlorine and the sodium may be omitted from the outflow.

Provided is a ceramic filter for a beverage, the ceramic filter requiring a permeation time ranging from 3 seconds to 15 seconds in a case where 150 ml of hot water having a temperature of 90 C. is introduced, having a total pore volume of 0.230 to 0.270 cm.sup.3/g, and having a median pore diameter of 100 to 160 m. Also provided is a method for manufacturing the ceramic filter.

An air filter comprises: a first filter frame in which a plurality of first chambers are formed; a second filter frame in which a plurality of second chambers are formed and which is arranged at the rear of the first filter frame; and a filter material which is accommodated in the plurality of first chambers and the plurality of second chambers to filter air, wherein the first filter frame and the second filter frame are arranged so that, when seen from the front, the center of each of the plurality of second chambers is out of line with the center of each of the plurality of first chambers, in the vertical direction.

A filter element for filtering a fluid is described. The filter element comprises diamond particles fixed to a filter substrate. Also described is a method for the manufacture of the filter element and a filtration device comprising the filter element.

A filter media suitable for use in filtering fluids is provided. The filter media comprises a first component, said first component having a core with an Al.sub.2O.sub.3 content of at least 10 wt % and a nanoalumina coating that at least partially coats the core.

A filter media suitable for use in filtering fluids is provided. The filter media comprises a filtration particle, said filtration particle having an Al.sub.2O.sub.3 content of from 15 wt % to 70 wt % and a SiO.sub.2 content of less than 70 wt % based on the weight of the particle.

An engine control system configured to operate an engine is configured to predict an expected duty cycle including an expected demand from the engine, and calculate two or more future operating conditions, each future operating condition including engine control parameters that, when used to control the engine, are expected to result in the engine meeting the expected demand. One of the future operating conditions is selected, and a present operation of the engine is adjusted in response to the selected future operating condition. A vehicle and/or offroad diesel apparatus may comprise the engine control system.

A ceramic filter 1 requires a permeation time ranging from 3 seconds to 15 seconds in a case where 150 ml of hot water having a temperature of 90 C. is introduced, has a total pore volume of 0.230 to 0.270 cm.sup.3/g, and has a median pore diameter of 100 to 160 m. A method for manufacturing the ceramic filter 1 includes a kneading process of obtaining a kneaded material in which 55 to 65 mass % of alumina, 6 to 12 mass % of bentonite, 6 to 10 mass % of water-insoluble organic fine particles, and 15 to 30 mass % of water are mixed, a primary molding process of molding a primary molded article by manually pressing the kneaded material against a filter mold, a secondary molding process of molding a secondary molded article by performing press working on the primary molded article molded in the primary molding process, and a firing process of firing the secondary molded article molded in the secondary molding process.

In the field of refining metal melts or slags there is disclosed in particular a reactive material based on calcium aluminate and carbon, its process of preparation and various methods for refining metal melts using the same.

The disclosure generally relates to filters, methods, and systems for filtering particulates from the exhaust of internal combustion engines such as gasoline direct injection engines and methods of preparing particulate filters.