Disclosed herein are scavenging and antifouling nanoparticle compositions useful in applications relating to the production, transportation, storage, and separation of crude oil and natural gas, as well as oral hygiene. Also disclosed are methods of making the nanoparticle compositions as scavengers and antifoulants, particularly in applications relating to the production, transportation, storage, and separation of crude oil and natural gas, as well as oral hygiene.

A solvent system for the removal of acid gases from mixed gas streams is provided. Also provided is a process for removing acid gases from mixed gas streams using the disclosed solvent systems. The solvent systems may be utilized within a gas processing system.

A method for removing amine contaminants from both liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon streams and methods thereof are described. An additive that reacts with said contaminant to form water-soluble compounds is injected into the hydrocarbon streams.

Sorbent compositions containing halogen and either nitrates or nitrites are added to coal to mitigate the release of mercury and/or other harmful elements into the environment during combustion of coal containing natural levels of mercury.

A method for pathogen destruction in dilute sewage sludge or other dilute streams containing pathogens, including Helminth ova, while minimizing vapor generation and atmospheric emissions. In addition to conventional waste treatment steps, including grit removal, clarification, and concentration of waste material, vaporized waste treatment compounds are recycled to treat divert untreated waste in a scrubber. In the scrubber, waste material is treated while also acting as a reactive agent to scrub potentially hazardous or noxious gas, particularly gaseous MITC, from the treatment system. Recycling of vaporized treatment compounds provides a reduction of potentially toxic emissions and increased efficiency during treatment.

The present disclosure is directed to a desulphurization agent for removing sulphurous species from a diluent or process stream, and a use of such agent. In some examples, the agent may include a compound of manganese, pore forming particles and a compound of copper. The agent may be introduced into or mixed with the diluent or process stream to effectuate removal of sulphurous species from the diluent or process stream.

A system for removing contaminants from both liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon streams and methods thereof are described. An additive that reacts with said contaminant to form water-soluble compounds is injected into the hydrocarbon streams.

Methods for scavenging carbon disulfide (CS.sub.2) from hydrocarbon streams using treatment compositions comprising at least one CS.sub.2 scavenger and at least one phase transfer catalyst therein. The CS.sub.2 scavenger may comprise at least one polyamine with the general formula: H.sub.2N(R.sub.1NH).sub.xR.sub.2(NHR.sub.3).sub.yNH.sub.2 wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 may be the same or different H, aryl or C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl; and x and y may be integers from 0 to 10. A hydrocarbon product with a reduced concentration of CS.sub.2 therein.

Sorbent compositions containing iodine are added to coal to mitigate the release of mercury and/or other harmful elements into the environment during combustion of coal containing natural levels of mercury.

Sorbent compositions containing iodine are added to coal to mitigate the release of mercury and/or other harmful elements into the environment during combustion of coal containing natural levels of mercury.