A dry scrubbing system and process wherein an acid gas comprising at least one pollutant is modified in a humid zone of a duct such that a relative humidity of between 2% and 90% is achieved. The humidified gas is then contacted with chalked lime in a reaction zone. The reaction zone components are subsequently filtered in a filtering zone to provide a filtered gas having reduced concentration of the at least one pollutant when compared to the initial acid gas.

A treatment method for stabilizing a sodic fly ash to reduce their leachability which is provided by a combustion process when a sodium-based sorbent comes in contact with a flue gas generated by combustion to remove at least a portion of pollutants contained in the flue gas. The treatment method comprises contacting the sodic fly ash with at least one additive comprising calcium. The material obtained from the contacting step is preferably dried. The material may be selected from the group consisting of lime kiln, dust, fine limestone, quicklime, hydrated lime, dolomitic lime, dolomite, selectively calcined dolomite, hydrated dolomite, and any mixture of two or more thereof. A particularly preferred additive comprises lime kiln dust.

A gas cleaning system (1) for removing gaseous pollutants from a hot process gas (2a) comprises a vessel (4) for bringing the hot process gas (2a) into contact with an absorbent material, and a separating device (6) for separating at least a portion of the absorbent material from the hot process gas (2a) to form a separated dust material. The gas cleaning system (1) further comprises a measuring device (48, 20, 44, 76) for measuring, directly or indirectly, a dust parameter such as a density, and/or a friction, and/or a hygroscopicity, and/or an electrical property of the separated dust material, to obtain a measurement, and a control system (46) for controlling at least one operating parameter of the gas cleaning system (1) based on the measurement of the measured dust parameter.

Methods and apparatus for reducing the content of controlled acidic pollutants in clinker kiln emissions are disclosed. The methods and apparatus include introducing bypass dust produced during production of clinker into one or more locations between the preheater exhaust and the inlet to a dust filter including into a gas conditioning tower. Total bypass dust separated from the kiln exhaust gas may be used. The bypass dust can be separated into a fine and coarse portions. Fine or total bypass dust can be mixed with water to form a bypass dust slurry that can be introduced into the gas conditioning tower. Bypass dust can be used to reduce the content of acidic pollutants such as hydrogen chloride HCl and sulfur oxides SO.sub.x from clinker kiln emissions.

Highly porous nucleophilic organic cages (Nu-POC) were in-situ synthesized on cotton fibers by a condensation reaction between cyanuric chloride and melamine, and the products were employed as a robust wearable and flexible detoxifying protective material (denoted as POCotton) for vaporous pesticides. The covalent growth of Nu-POC particles on surfaces of cotton fibers retained the physical characteristics of Nu-POC to the greatest extend, which include specific surface area and porosity, while the cotton fabrics still remained wearable. The resultant POCotton can repeatedly adsorb fumigant vapors instantly (i.e., equilibrium reached within one minute) and massively (i.e., adsorption capacity at 596.88 mg/g of methyl iodide).

The phosphazene covalent organic framework (COF) is a material with high efficiency to improve the removal of iodine from nuclear waste. The COF can be obtained by a solvothermal reaction of hexa (4-formyl-phenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene and 1,3,6,8-tetra(aminophenyl)pyrene. The resulting three-dimensional phosphazene COF has iodine uptakes as high as 9.4 g g.sup.1 due to its 3D framework with higher specific surface areas and interconnected channels.

The phosphazene covalent organic framework (COF) is a material with high efficiency to improve the removal of iodine from nuclear waste. The COF can be obtained by a solvothermal reaction of hexa(4-formyl-phenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene and 1,3,6,8-tetra(aminophenyl)pyrene. The resulting three-dimensional phosphazene COF has iodine uptakes as high as 9.4 g g.sup.1 due to its 3D framework with higher specific surface areas and interconnected channels.

Provided is a hydrolysis reaction device for dechlorination and decyanation of blast furnace gas, including a tower body, where a top of the tower body is provided with an air inlet channel, and a bottom of the tower body is provided with an air outlet channel, and functional zones are arranged in the tower body. The functional zones are sequentially an air inlet zone, a first protective agent zone, a first transition zone, a second protective agent zone, a second transition zone, a hydrolysis zone and an air outlet zone along a gas direction, and adjacent functional zones are communicated. Feed holes and discharge holes are uniformly arranged on an outer side surface of the tower body. Gas in a tower radially passes through the protective agent zones and the hydrolysis zone.

Methods and apparatus for reducing the content of controlled acidic pollutants in clinker kiln emissions are disclosed. The methods and apparatus include introducing bypass dust produced during production of clinker into one or more locations between the preheater exhaust and the inlet to a dust filter including into a gas conditioning tower. Total bypass dust separated from the kiln exhaust gas may be used. The bypass dust can be separated into a fine and coarse portions. Fine or total bypass dust can be mixed with water to form a bypass dust slurry that can be introduced into the gas conditioning tower. Bypass dust can be used to reduce the content of acidic pollutants such as hydrogen chloride HCl and sulfur oxides SO.sub.x from clinker kiln emissions.

A gas cleaning system for removing gaseous pollutants from a hot process gas comprises a vessel for bringing the hot process gas into contact with an absorbent material, and a separating device for separating at least a portion of the absorbent material from the hot process gas to form a separated dust material. The gas cleaning system further comprises a measuring device for measuring, directly or indirectly, a dust parameter such as a density, and/or a friction, and/or a hygroscopicity, and/or an electrical property of the separated dust material, to obtain a measurement, and a control system for controlling at least one operating parameter of the gas cleaning system based on the measurement of the measured dust parameter.