Provided is an improved herbicide formulation and an improved method of treating a crop. The herbicide formulation comprises a herbicide and a volatility reduction adjuvant comprising a salt of a volatile acid and a salt of a nonvolatile acid.

Compositions are provided that include ethoxylated lecithin for use as an adjuvant in aqueous composition. Specifically, the compositions may be utilized primarily as drift reduction agents in agricultural compositions, as a soil or foliage penetrant, as a pesticide adjuvant, as a pesticide formulation component, and for other uses. More specifically, the compositions are useful in reducing drift in spray compositions, such as in use in agricultural applications, such as pesticide, herbicide, fungicide and insecticide formulations, in industrial vegetation management (“IVM”) and integrated pest management (“IPM”) applications, in rights-of-way applications, in forestry applications, and other like applications.

Compositions are provided that include ethoxylated lecithin for use as an adjuvant in aqueous composition. Specifically, the compositions may be utilized primarily as drift reduction agents in agricultural compositions, as a soil or foliage penetrant, as a pesticide adjuvant, as a pesticide formulation component, and for other uses. More specifically, the compositions are useful in reducing drift in spray compositions, such as in use in agricultural applications, such as pesticide, herbicide, fungicide and insecticide formulations, in industrial vegetation management (“IVM”) and integrated pest management (“IPM”) applications, in rights-of-way applications, in forestry applications, and other like applications.

Compositions and methods for isolating L-glufosinate from a composition comprising L-glufosinate and glutamate are provided. The method comprises converting the glutamate to pyroglutamate followed by the isolation of L-glufosinate from the pyroglutamate and other components of the composition to obtain substantially purified L-glufosinate. The composition comprising L-glufosinate and glutamate is subjected to an elevated temperature for a sufficient time to allow for the conversion of glutamate to pyroglutamate, followed by the isolation of L-glufosinate from the pyroglutamate and other components of the composition to obtain substantially purified L-glufosinate. The glutamate alternatively may be converted to pyroglutamate by enzymatic conversion. The purified L-glufosinate is present in a final composition at a concentration of 90% or greater of the sum of L-glufosinate, glutamate, and pyroglutamate. In some embodiments, a portion of the glutamate in the starting composition may be separated from the L-glufosinate using a crystallization step. Solid forms of L-glufosinate materials, including crystalline L-glufosinate ammonium, are also described.

Disclosed is a wettable agrochemical composition comprising an agrochemical active component (A), which is a compound represented by the following formula (I) or an agriculturally and horticulturally acceptable acid addition salt thereof, one or more additives, and one or more surfactants, the wettable agrochemical composition being solid at 30° C. This wettable agrochemical composition has excellent physical properties of the formulation and storage stability. ##STR00001##

Disclosed is a wettable agrochemical composition comprising an agrochemical active component (A), which is a compound represented by the following formula (I) or an agriculturally and horticulturally acceptable acid addition salt thereof, one or more additives, and one or more surfactants, the wettable agrochemical composition being solid at 30° C. This wettable agrochemical composition has excellent physical properties of the formulation and storage stability. ##STR00001##

A method treats an aqueous system to inhibit growth of one or more micro-organisms therein and/or to reduce the number of live micro-organisms therein. The method includes adding treatment agents to an aqueous system wherein said treatment agents include (a) a phosphonium compound; and (b) a compound having formula: M(XO.sub.2).sub.n wherein: M is a Group I or Group II metal; X is a halogen; and n is 1 or 2.

A method treats an aqueous system to inhibit growth of one or more micro-organisms therein and/or to reduce the number of live micro-organisms therein. The method includes adding treatment agents to an aqueous system wherein said treatment agents include (a) a phosphonium compound; and (b) a compound having formula: M(XO.sub.2).sub.n wherein: M is a Group I or Group II metal; X is a halogen; and n is 1 or 2.

A method of preparing a modified-metal surface. The method includes preparing a solution of a phosphorous-based acid in a solvent; immersing a strip of the metal work piece into the solution of the phosphorous-based acid; immersing a strip of a reference metal into the solution of the phosphorous-based acid; supplying a voltage for a duration of time to prepare a phosphorous acid-modified metal work piece; removing the phosphorous acid-modified metal work piece; cleaning and drying the phosphorous acid-modified metal work piece; applying a chitosan solution to the surface in order to attach chitosan/modified chitosan to the phosphorous acid based modified surface; prepare the modified-metal surface; and cleaning and drying the modified-metal surface.

A method of preparing a modified-metal surface. The method includes preparing a solution of a phosphorous-based acid in a solvent; immersing a strip of the metal work piece into the solution of the phosphorous-based acid; immersing a strip of a reference metal into the solution of the phosphorous-based acid; supplying a voltage for a duration of time to prepare a phosphorous acid-modified metal work piece; removing the phosphorous acid-modified metal work piece; cleaning and drying the phosphorous acid-modified metal work piece; applying a chitosan solution to the surface in order to attach chitosan/modified chitosan to the phosphorous acid based modified surface; prepare the modified-metal surface; and cleaning and drying the modified-metal surface.