The present disclosure provides approaches for reducing tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) in tobacco. Some of these approaches include genetically engineering tobacco plants to increase one or more antioxidants, increase oxygen radicle absorbance capacity (ORAC), or reduce nitrite. Also provided are methods and compositions for producing modified tobacco plants and tobacco products therefrom comprising reduced TSNAs.

A method and device for fabricating vascular networks in for tissue engineering. The vascular network is embedded in a porous scaffold and is created from a sacrificial wax template, according to one embodiment. A extrusion-based three dimensional printer is used to create the template, wherein the printer utilizes an extruder incorporating a mixer to maintain the consistency of the extrudate.

A device or system includes a mixer comprising a three-dimensional lattice defining a plurality of tortuous, interconnecting passages therethrough. The mixer is in communication with sources or streams of at least two separate components which, when mixed, form a combined fluid stream. The sources or streams may be, at least initially, on opposite sides of the mixer, or the sources or streams may be on the upstream side of the mixer with an outlet disposed downstream of the mixer. A related method may include providing a mixer comprising a three-dimensional lattice defining a plurality of tortuous, interconnecting passages therethrough, and selecting a material for the mixer based on physical characteristics of said material, said characteristics including a selected one or more of mean flow pore size, thickness and porosity volume.

One aspect relates to a method for providing a bone cement from two starting components, having a hollow cylinder-shaped first container, in which a monomer liquid as first starting component can be stored, a hollow cylinder-shaped second container comprising a container wall, a first internal space, and a second internal space, whereby a bone cement powder as second starting component can be stored in the first internal space, and whereby the monomer liquid can be conveyed into the second internal space, a fluid-conducting conveying means arranged between the first internal space and the second internal space, whereby the first container and the second container are axially connected to each other.

A method and an adapter for improving the efficiency of a static mixer being used to mix reactive fluids such as epoxy adhesives. This allows either a small static mixer to be employed, or a smaller purge flow during dispensing operations.

The present disclosure provides approaches for reducing tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) in tobacco. Some of these approaches include genetically engineering tobacco plants to increase one or more antioxidants, increase oxygen radicle absorbance capacity (ORAC), or reduce nitrite. Also provided are methods and compositions for producing modified tobacco plants and tobacco products therefrom comprising reduced TSNAs.

A reagent preparation assembly includes a body and a reaction chamber adjacent the body, the reaction chamber includes a reagent therein, such as a lyophilized reagent. An access port extends into the reaction chamber, and the access port is configured to receive an instrument. A seal extends across a portion of the reaction chamber and the access port. A reconstitution assembly is movably coupled with the body. The reconstitution assembly includes a plunger, a syringe and a piston. The plunger is movably coupled with the body. The syringe is selectively engaged with the plunger. The syringe includes a solution reservoir containing a solution, and movement of the syringe pierces the seal. The piston is selectively engaged with the plunger, and the piston is movably coupled within the syringe. Movement of the piston pushes the solution into the reaction chamber.

A mixer for mixing multi-component materials includes a mixing element and an inlet. The mixing element is arranged at a longitudinal axis of the mixer for mixing multi-component materials. The inlet section is arranged at the longitudinal axis.

The invention relates to a method for producing a bone cement with a device comprising a cartridge (1) having a cylindrical interior (2), cement powder (6), and monomer liquid (7) in a monomer liquid container (8), a cartridge head (3) having a discharge opening (9), a closure (10) in the discharge opening (9), which closure is permeable to gases and impermeable to powder particles, a drive piston (5), and a central piston (4), wherein the central piston (4) is permeable to gases and the monomer liquid (7) and impermeable to the powder particles of the cement powder (6) and is arranged between the drive piston (5) and the cartridge head (3), wherein the central piston (4) separates the interior (2) into a first cavity (12) and a second cavity (14), the method comprising the following steps:

A) moving the drive piston (5) toward the cartridge head (3),
B) opening the monomer liquid container (8) via the movement of the drive piston (5) and releasing the monomer liquid (7) in the second cavity (14),
C) expelling residual gases into the surroundings of the device by means of the movement of the drive piston (5),
D) injecting the monomer liquid (7) through the central piston (4) into the cement powder (6),
E) displacing gases between the powder particles with the inflowing monomer liquid (7),
F) wetting the powder particles of the cement powder (6), and
G) depressurizing the second cavity (14), wherein the depressurization takes place by partially removing the contained monomer liquid (7).

The invention also relates to such a device for mixing a bone cement, with a depressurization device (16).

A device or system includes a mixer comprising a three-dimensional lattice defining a plurality of tortuous, interconnecting passages therethrough. The mixer is in communication with sources or streams of at least two separate components which, when mixed, form a combined fluid stream. The sources or streams may be, at least initially, on opposite sides of the mixer, or the sources or streams may be on the upstream side of the mixer with an outlet disposed downstream of the mixer. A related method may include providing a mixer comprising a three-dimensional lattice defining a plurality of tortuous, interconnecting passages therethrough, and selecting a material for the mixer based on physical characteristics of said material, said characteristics including a selected one or more of mean flow pore size, thickness and porosity volume.