The present invention relates to a UV light reflective composition comprising a light transmissive matrix comprising a silicone resin, and UV light reflective particles comprising boron nitride, the particles being dispersed in the transmissive matrix. The light reflective particles of the UV light reflective composition has an average particle size within the range of from 0.2 to 0.7 m. An advantage of the present invention is that it provides a highly light reflective composition, especially in the UV range.

Compositions comprising branched C.sub.10 mercaptans selected from the group consisting of 5-methyl-1-mercapto-nonane, 3-propyl-1-mercapto-heptane, 4-ethyl-1-mercapto-octane, 2-butyl-1-mercapto-hexane, 5-methyl-2-mercapto-nonane, 3-propyl-2-mercapto-heptane, 4-ethyl-2-mercapto-octane, 5-methyl-5-mercapto-nonane, and combinations thereof.

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, in a vault in which the equipment is protected from radiation and hazardous gases by equipment enclosures. The equipment enclosures may be purged with gas.

A small reactor, which contains an inorganic transparent substrate, which contains: a reaction channel configured to allow a chemical reaction to proceed therein; a supply channel, which is connected to one end of the reaction channel, and is configured to supply samples to be reacted in the reaction channel; and a discharge channel, which is connected to the other end of the reaction channel, and is configured to discharge a reaction product from the reaction channel, wherein the inorganic transparent substrate is in the shape of an arc-shaped curve.

A method and a system for producing a change in a medium disposed in an artificial container. The method places in a vicinity of the medium at least one of a plasmonics agent and an energy modulation agent. The method applies an initiation energy through the artificial container to the medium. The initiation energy interacts with the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent to directly or indirectly produce the change in the medium. The system includes an initiation energy source configured to apply an initiation energy to the medium to activate the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent.

A modular photochemical reactor system comprises a plurality of fluidic modules (20) each having i) a central planar process fluid layer (30) and ii) two outer planar thermal control fluid layers (40) for containing flowing thermal control fluid and a plurality of illumination modules (50), the illumination modules (50) of said plurality each having a planar form with first and second major surfaces (52, 54) and each comprising at least a first array (60) of semiconductor emitters (70), said emitters (70) positioned to emit from or through the first major surface (52), wherein said first array (60) of semiconductor emitters (70) comprises at least a first emitter (72) and a second emitter (74), the first emitter (72) capable of emitting at a first center wavelength and the second emitter (74) capable of emitting at a second center wavelength, said first and second center wavelengths differing from each other.

A method and a system for producing a change in a medium. The method places in a vicinity of the medium at least one energy modulation agent. The method applies an initiation energy to the medium. The initiation energy interacts with the energy modulation agent to directly or indirectly produce the change in the medium. The system includes an initiation energy source configured to apply an initiation energy to the medium to activate the energy modulation agent.

The instant invention relates to a process and method for manufacturing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene by dehydrohalogenating a reactant stream of 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane that is substantially free from impurities, particularly halogenated propanes, propenes, and propynes.

A multilayer medical packaging film includes a first layer and a chlorine dioxide-producing layer. The chlorine dioxide-producing layer includes a polymer composition and a plurality of chlorite ions. The chlorine dioxide-producing layer is substantially free of an energy-activated catalyst and is substantially free of an acid-releasing compound. However, the film is capable of generating chlorine dioxide when exposed to UV light and moisture.

Photo-protected microcapsules containing a photopolymer composition are dispersed in an epoxy coating to form an autonomic self-healing material. The capsule shell wall is formulated to protect the photopolymer composition from electromagnetic radiation exposure prior to rupture of the capsule shell, so that the photopolymer composition (e.g., a UV curable epoxy resin) remains active until triggered by damage to the capsule shell. Carbon black pigment is a suitable UV protector for the capsules. Upon sufficient damage to a region of the coating, the capsules will rupture and the photopolymer composition will fill and cure in and/or around the damaged region in the presence of electromagnetic radiation, achieving autonomic healing of the damaged coating.