The present invention provides a microwave treatment apparatus capable of suppressing the occurrence of sparking in a vessel. A microwave treatment apparatus 1 includes: a vessel having a pillar-shaped hollow portion configured to contain a liquid-phase content to be subjected to batch processing using microwaves, and an upper inner face whose height decreases along a direction from a central axis of the hollow portion to the periphery when the vessel is located such that a direction along the central axis is along a vertical direction; a microwave generator that generates microwaves; and a waveguide having a portion protruding from the upper inner face into the hollow portion, and configured to introduce microwaves generated by a microwave generator into the hollow portion.

A microwave heating apparatus and method of heating. The microwave heating apparatus including: a housing that contains a heating chamber adapted to receive an article to be heated, the chamber being at least partially defined by electromagnetic shielding; a microwave source for generating microwaves, the microwave source being located outside of the heating chamber; and an antenna arranged substantially within the heating chamber and configured to supply the generated microwaves substantially within the heating chamber, the antenna being configured to directly deliver the generated microwaves to the article in a substantially uniform manner. The method of heat treating organic matter with a microwave heating apparatus including a microwave source located outside of a heating chamber, the method including: generating microwaves with the microwave source; supplying the generated microwaves within the heating chamber with an antenna arranged substantially within the heating chamber, wherein the antenna comprises a loop that extends about an internal circumference of the heating chamber; introducing the organic matter into the heating chamber and through the loop via an opening of the heating chamber; heating the organic matter with the generated microwaves; removing the organic matter from the heating chamber through a further opening of the heating chamber.

An improved method of deprotection in solid phase peptide synthesis is disclosed. In particular the deprotecting composition is added in high concentration and small volume to the mixture of the coupling solution, the growing peptide chain, and any excess activated acid from the preceding coupling cycle, and without any draining step between the coupling step of the previous cycle and the addition of the deprotection composition for the successive cycle. Thereafter, the ambient pressure in the vessel is reduced with a vacuum pull to remove the deprotecting composition without any draining step and without otherwise adversely affecting the remaining materials in the vessel or causing problems in subsequent steps in the SPPS cycle.

Provided is a method of producing graphene from a microwave-expandable un-exfoliated graphite or graphitic carbon, comprising: (a) feeding a powder of the microwave-expandable material onto a non-metallic solid substrate, wherein the powder is in a ribbon shape having a first ribbon width and a first ribbon thickness; (b) moving the ribbon-shape powder into a microwave applicator chamber containing a microwave power zone having a microwave application width (no less than the first ribbon width) and a microwave penetration depth (no less than the first ribbon thickness) so that the entire ribbon-shape powder receives and absorbs microwave power with a sufficient power level for a sufficient length of time to exfoliate and separate the powder for producing graphene sheets; and (c) moving the graphene sheets out of the microwave chamber, cooling the graphene sheets, and collecting the graphene sheets in a collector container or for a subsequent use.

Carbon dioxide, such as may be used for a carbonated beverage, is produced by microwave thermal decomposition of a starting material. An apparatus for the process includes a microwave generator, a microwave chamber, a capsule received in the chamber containing starting material(s) and one or more channel(s) for recovering CO.sub.2 generated in the process.

A system includes a first chamber, a second chamber, an ultraviolet light source and a microwave source. The first chamber includes an inlet. The second chamber is adjacent the first chamber and includes an outlet and a waveguide. The ultraviolet light source resides within the waveguide of the second chamber. Related apparatus, systems, techniques and articles are also described.

A vessel system for high-pressure reactions is disclosed. The system includes a plugged polymer cylinder reaction vessel with a pressure vent opening extending radially through the wall of the reaction vessel and a supporting frame into which the vessel is received. Complementing keying structure elements on the vessel and on the frame limit the orientation of the reaction vessel in the supporting frame and the radially extending vent opening to a defined single position.

In a system and process for selectively purifying various pharmacologically-relevant components of a source plant such as cannabis, an initial step provides a low-temperature, robust essential oil/terpene capture that also dehydrates and decarboxylates the starting productfresh raw cannabisby means of a vacuum-assisted microwave distillation process. By doing the terpene capture under vacuum distillation temperature may be kept low. The low distillation temperature maximizes yields of thermally-sensitive components such as terpenes and cannabinoids. The system includes an oil/water separator configured to prevent leakage of ambient air into the system.

The invention relates to an apparatus and methods for producing liquid colloids such as suspensions of nanoparticles, in which liquid feedstock materials are reacted on a reaction surface of a rotatable plate. The apparatus has a first plate (101) mounted for rotation about a rotation axis (102), the first plate (101) providing a reaction surface (103) having a concave portion; first (106) and second (107) inlet lines arranged to introduce respective first and second liquid feedstock materials to the reaction surface (103); and a collection unit (110) arranged to collect a reaction product formed from reaction of the liquid feedstock materials as a liquid colloid ejected from an outer edge of the plate (101).

According to one embodiment, a specimen test apparatus includes a resonator, a detector, a radiator, and a dielectric. The resonator is configured to house a test container filled with a test solution. The detector detects a detection target substance contained in the test solution in the test container. The radiator is arranged in the resonator and emits electromagnetic waves, which resonate in a specific resonance direction in the resonator, into the resonator. The dielectric is arranged in the resonator at a position near the test container when the test container is placed in the resonator.