Method and systems for desorbing NH.sub.3 from an NH.sub.3-adsorbent material by exposing the adsorbent material to microwave radiation are described. Also described are methods for increasing an NH.sub.3 cracker's NH.sub.3 utilization and reducing the chance of downstream process contamination. Also described are methods of producing high pressure, high purity H.sub.2 from NH.sub.3.

A method for converting hydrocarbon materials into a product includes receiving a hydrocarbon feedstock in a first reaction chamber, receiving a process gas in the first reaction chamber, and forming a first set of discharge conditions in the presence of energy from a microwave generator, in the first reaction chamber, to convert the hydrocarbon feedstock into an intermediate product for delivery to a second reaction chamber. The method also includes delivering the intermediate product to the second reaction chamber, forming a second set of discharge conditions, and converting the intermediate product into a final product in the second reaction chamber.

Systems and methods of processing biomass include a conveyor unit associated with an inlet and/or outlet, a microwave generator, a microwave guide connecting the microwave generator to the conveyor unit that includes a microwave opening configured to receive microwave energy via the microwave guide, and a microwave suppression system including a tunnel associated with the material inlet and/or outlet, and including at least one flexible and/or movable microwave reflecting component within the tunnel, the microwave reflecting component configured to be deflected as biomass material passes through the tunnel and then returning to a resting, closed position when the biomass material is no longer passing through the tunnel. The conveyor unit is configured to receive and process the biomass material, including heating the biomass material to at least a first temperature by applying microwave energy to the biomass material.

The present invention relates to a pressure vessel (1, 1′), having a lower part (20) and the lid (24) which can be locked to one another, in order, in the state in which they are locked to one another, to surround a reaction chamber (22) on all sides as a pressure space for initiating and/or promoting chemical and/or physical pressure reactions of samples (P) which are received in the reaction chamber (22), and a fluid inlet (FE) with a check valve (4) for feeding a fluid into the reaction chamber (22), the check valve (4) extending at least partially in the lid (24).

A method and process of producing gasoline and diesel from hydrocarbon wastes, by gradually heating the hydrocarbon waste in a reducing atmosphere, up to 550° C. During the heating process and at various temperature points long chains of hydrocarbon are broken down into smaller hydrocarbon chains. During the heating process radical hydrogen gas is introduced to the reactor where the radical hydrogen gas reacts with smaller hydrocarbon chains to produce 45% coke petroleum oil, 45% liquid hydrocarbons composed of gasoline and gasoil and 10% gases including methane, ethane, propane and steam. The radicalized hydrogen atoms are produced at low temperatures and atmospheric pressure. Hydrogen gas is produced by dissolving aluminum scraps are dissolved in s sodium hydroxide solution in a reactor. As hydrogen gas is produced the reactor is heated to 120° C. in the presence of electromagnetic waves causing the breakdown of hydrogen gas into hydrogen gas radicals.

In order to provide a treatment apparatus that can efficiently perform microwave irradiation, a treatment apparatus includes: a vessel made of a microwave-reflecting material, and having a first end and an irradiation opening portion, which is an emitting portion of microwaves that are emitted into the vessel; a first filter located so as to partition the vessel, and configured to separate solids that are to be separated, from the contents of the vessel; and a first reflecting member located closer to the first end than the emitting portion is and so as to partition the vessel, and configured to allow at least the contents having passed through the first filter to pass through the first reflecting member, and to reflect microwaves.

The invention includes a gas processing system for transforming a hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into outflow gas products, where the system includes a gas delivery subsystem, a plasma reaction chamber, and a microwave subsystem, with the gas delivery subsystem in fluid communication with the plasma reaction chamber, so that the gas delivery subsystem directs the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into the plasma reaction chamber, and the microwave subsystem directs microwave energy into the plasma reaction chamber to energize the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas, thereby forming a plasma in the plasma reaction chamber, which plasma effects the transformation of a hydrocarbon in the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into the outflow gas products, which comprise acetylene and hydrogen. The invention also includes methods for the use of the gas processing system.

The invention includes a gas processing system for transforming a hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into outflow gas products, where the system includes a gas delivery subsystem, a plasma reaction chamber, and a microwave subsystem, with the gas delivery subsystem in fluid communication with the plasma reaction chamber, so that the gas delivery subsystem directs the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into the plasma reaction chamber, and the microwave subsystem directs microwave energy into the plasma reaction chamber to energize the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas, thereby forming a plasma in the plasma reaction chamber, which plasma effects the transformation of a hydrocarbon in the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into the outflow gas products, which comprise acetylene and hydrogen. The invention also includes methods for the use of this gas processing system.

Methods and apparatus for a substrate processing chamber are provided herein. In some embodiments, a substrate processing chamber includes a chamber body having sidewalls defining an interior volume having a polygon shape; a selectively sealable elongated opening disposed in an upper portion of the chamber body for transferring one or more substrates into or out of the chamber body; a funnel disposed at a first end of the chamber body, wherein the funnel increases in size along a direction from an outer surface of the chamber body to the interior volume; and a pump port disposed at a second end of the chamber body opposite the funnel.

Systems and methods for eliminating carbon dioxide and capturing solid carbon are disclosed. By eliminating carbon dioxide gas, e.g., from an effluent exhaust stream of a fossil fuel fired electric power production facility, the inventive concepts presented herein represent an environmentally-clean solution that permanently eliminates greenhouse gases while at the same time producing captured solid carbon products that are useful in various applications including advanced composite material synthesis (e.g., carbon fiber, 3D graphene) and energy storage (e.g., battery technology). Capture of solid carbon during the disclosed process for eliminating greenhouse gasses avoids the inefficiencies and risks associated with conventional carbon dioxide sequestration. Colocation of the disclosed reactor with a fossil fuel fired power production facility brings to bear an environmentally beneficial, and financially viable approach for permanently capturing vast amounts of solid carbon from carbon dioxide gas and other greenhouse gases that would otherwise be released into Earth's biosphere.