The invention describes a mass for scavenging mercaptans which is particularly suitable for the treatment of olefinic gasoline cuts containing sulfur such as gasolines resulting from catalytic cracking. The scavenging mass comprises an active phase based on group VIII, IB or IIB metal particles which is prepared by a step of bringing a porous support into contact with a metal salt of said group VIII, IB or IIB metal and a step heating the resulting mixture to a temperature above the melting point of said metal salt. The invention also relates to a process for using said scavenging mass for the adsorption of mercaptans.

Hydrogel nanobeads include an ionically crosslinked sulfated polysaccharide biopolymer such as a carrageenan. In an embodiment, the hydrogel nanobeads comprise kappa carrageenan (Cg) and a metal ion crosslinking agent. In an embodiment, the metal ion crosslinking agent includes a metal ion selected from the group consisting of Zn.sup.2+, Fe.sup.2+, Fe.sup.3+, and Ti.sup.3+. The hydrogel nanobeads can be used for removal of pollutants in wastewater.

A method for removing contaminants from a gas stream including contacting a gas stream comprising hydrocarbons and sulfur contaminants with a modified nanocomposite adsorbent. Also provided are compositions and processes for forming compositions of a modified nanocomposite adsorbent composition for removing sulfur contaminants from a hydrocarbon stream. Additionally, provided is system for removing sulfur impurities from a gaseous hydrocarbon stream, where the system includes a plurality of adsorbent vessels arranged in series, where the adsorbent vessels include an emulsion of a modified nanocomposite adsorbent composition.

Nanoparticle-treated particle packs, such as sand beds, may effectively filter and purify liquids such as waste water. When tiny contaminant particles in waste water flow through the particle pack, the nanoparticles will capture and hold the tiny contaminant particles within the pack due to the nanoparticles' surface forces, including, but not necessarily limited to van der Waals and electrostatic forces. Coating agents such as alcohols, glycols, polyols, vegetable oil, and mineral oils may help apply the nanoparticles to the particle surfaces in the filter beds or packs.

A particulate desulphurization material includes one or more copper compounds supported on a zinc oxide support material, wherein the desulphurization material has a copper content in the range 0.1 to 5.0% by weight and a tapped bulk density 1.55 kg/l. The material is obtained by (i) mixing a powdered copper compound with a particulate zinc support material comprising zinc oxide and one or more precursors that form zinc oxide upon calcination, and one or more binders to form a copper-containing composition, (ii) shaping the copper-containing composition by granulation, and (iii) drying and calcining the resulting granulated material.

Hydrogel nanobeads include an ionically crosslinked sulfated polysaccharide biopolymer such as a carrageenan. In an embodiment, the hydrogel nanobeads comprise kappa carrageenan (KCg) and a metal ion crosslinking agent. In an embodiment, the metal ion crosslinking agent includes a metal ion selected from the group consisting of Zn.sup.2+, Fe.sup.2+, Fe.sup.3+, and Ti.sup.3+. The hydrogel nanobeads can be used for removal of pollutants in wastewater.

A porous carbon material composite formed of a porous carbon material and a functional material and equipped with high functionality. The porous carbon material composite is formed of (A) a porous carbon material obtainable from a plant-derived material having a silicon (Si) content of 5 wt % or higher as a raw material; and (B) a functional material adhered on the porous carbon material, and has a specific surface area of 10 m2/g or greater as determined by the nitrogen BET method and a pore volume of 0.1 cm3/g or greater as determined by the BJH method and MP method.

The present invention is directed at functionalized layered double hydroxides, including methods of their preparation, that are suitable for treatment of water contaminated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances.