The present invention provides: a porous fiber that exhibits both improved adsorption capacity, and suppressed exposure and detachment of particulates; an adsorption column filled with said porous fiber; and a blood purification system in which an adsorption column is connected to a water removal column. The porous fiber according to the present invention has a three-dimensional pore structure formed by a solid fiber, and satisfies all of the following conditions. (1) The porous fiber has particulates having a diameter of not more than 200 m, and the percentage of area occupied by said particulates having a diameter of not more than 200 m in a horizontal cross section of the three-dimensional pore structure is at least 3.0%. (2) The porous fiber does not contain said particulates having a diameter of not more than 200 m in the region within 1.0 m in the depth direction from the outermost surface.

Provided is a porous molding which is capable of removing ions in water to be treated, in particular, phosphorus ions at a very high liquid-permeation rate of at least SV 120 hr.sup.1, and which has a large adsorption capacity. The porous molding according to the present invention comprises an organic polymer resin and an inorganic ion adsorbent, and is characterized in that a total volume of pores having a pore diameter of 1-80 nm as measured by a nitrogen adsorption method is 0.05-0.7 cm.sup.3/g per unit mass of the inorganic ion adsorbent.

Provided is a porous molding which is capable of removing ions in water to be treated, in particular, phosphorus ions at a very high liquid-permeation rate of at least SV 120 hr.sup.1, and which has a large adsorption capacity. The porous molding according to the present invention comprises an organic polymer resin and an inorganic ion adsorbent, and is characterized in that a total volume of pores having a pore diameter of 1-80 nm as measured by a nitrogen adsorption method is 0.05-0.7 cm.sup.3/g per unit mass of the inorganic ion adsorbent.

A composition capable of removing chlorides from a gaseous stream and a process of using same. The compositions have sufficient chloride capacity, offer comparable creation of green oil, and have sufficient structural integrity to be utilized as sorbents in a chloride removal process. Generally, the compositions include a first zinc carbonate, a second zinc carbonate different than the first zinc carbonate and an alumina material. The composition has been cured at a temperature between about 149 to 399 C. The first zinc carbonate may comprise hydrozincite and the second zinc carbonate may comprise smithsonite.

The subject invention provides systems and methods for capturing carbon dioxide in a cyclic process of mechano-chemical reactions. The subject invention also provides systems and methods for synthesizing siderite, by means of mechano-chemical reactions, using mill rotation. Siderite acts as an efficient reversible sorbent and can be decomposed, generating magnetite, carbon and/or metallic iron as well as pure carbon dioxide. Said systems and methods employing carbon dioxide capture/release reactions in the carbonation-calcination cycles are suitable for using in any iron, steel and non-steel industries to reduce carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere.

A method for preparing an anion adsorbent may be provided, which comprises the steps of: mixing at least two metal salts with each other, thereby forming a stack structure in which cationic compound layers and anionic compound layers containing anions and water of crystallization are alternately stacked on one another; performing a first heat treatment on the stack structure to expand between the cationic compound layers, thereby preparing a preliminary anion adsorbent; and performing a second heat treatment on the preliminary anion adsorbent to remove the anions and the water of crystallization from the anionic compound layers while allowing at least one of the anions to remain, thereby preparing the anion adsorbent.

The subject invention provides systems and methods for capturing carbon dioxide in a cyclic process of mechano-chemical reactions. The subject invention also provides systems and methods for synthesizing siderite, by means of mechano-chemical reactions, using mill rotation. Siderite acts as an efficient reversible sorbent and can be decomposed, generating magnetite, carbon and/or metallic iron as well as pure carbon dioxide. Said systems and methods employing carbon dioxide capture/release reactions in the carbonation-calcination cycles are suitable for using in any iron, steel and non-steel industries to reduce carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere.

Water insoluble carbonates are utilized as adsorbents to remove phosphates from water flowing through an iron impregnated or coated foam. The iron impregnated or coated foam acts to improve the removal of phosphates as well as to remove nitrates and ammonia. A powdered carbonates/binder mixture, i.e. MgCO.sub.3 and/or La.sub.2(CO.sub.3).sub.3 mixed with cellulose, is formed into pellets then calcined. Aqueous phosphates adsorb onto the surface area of the pellet for eventual removal. Calcining the pellets removes the cellulose binder and opens the interior of the pellet up to provide additional surface area for adsorption. These pellets are placed within a porous bag and placed with water, preferably within a flow of water.

The invention relates to a composition for mineralising carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide gases, which comprises a mixture of magnesium (between 1 and 25%), iron (between 1 and 23%), calcium monoxide (between 1 and 25%), titanium dioxide (between 0.1 and 11%) and silicon dioxide (between 16 and 75%), with a particle diameter between 100 nm and 4000 m. The composition causes the mineralisation of carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) and of the gaseous chemical compounds known as nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.x) in the atmosphere. This composition can be added or mixed as an additive in paints, dyes, resins and elastic polymers (gum and natural rubber) in parts with wear, and for any type of covering.

The invention regards a composite for environmental remediation, comprising: one or more green rust compound(s) or green rust precursor(s), andone or more biochar(s).