A material for moisture removal and/or water harvesting from air may include a hydrophilic material containing micropores and a low water activity material confined within the micropores of the hydrophilic material. Apparatuses containing such materials and methods for moisture removal and/or water harvesting from air by using such materials are also described.

Functionalized filter materials consist of carbons and ceramic substrates for special antimicrobial, phase transfer, and catalytic properties and the method of preparation thereof. The filters are coated with different types of inorganic and polymer impregnates for specific applications in air and water pollution control and catalysis. The substrates are activated by special processes and the impregnates may be reacted with certain redox systems to help increase their efficacy.

Provided are metal-organic frameworks made by the process of comprising the steps of reacting a first metal source that can generate a tetravalent metal cation in solution, a linear dicarboxylic acid, a second metal source that can generate a divalent cation in solution, and one or more monocarboxylic acid modulators in a solvent to provide a reaction solution. The reaction solution is heated to provide a metal-organic framework having between about 0 wt. % to 10 wt. % of divalent cation, surface area between about 1100 m.sup.2/g and 2700 m.sup.2/g, a porosity of between about 0.45 cc/g and 1.1 cc/g, and a relative intensity equal to or greater than 0.35 and a peak width ratio of less than 3.0.

Disclosed a method for decontaminating a surface of a substrate or a method for decontaminating a gaseous medium using an inorganic ferromagnetic gel consisting of a colloidal solution comprising an inorganic thickening agent, a ferromagnetic compound and a solvent.

Described herein is a filtration medium comprising a substrate, wherein the substrate comprises a thermolysis product of (i) a carbon substrate having a surface of CO.sub.xE.sub.y, wherein E is selected from at least one of S, Se, and Te; and wherein x and y are greater than 0; and (ii) a metal salt; and methods of removing chloramine from aqueous solutions.

The present invention provides an oxygen absorbing agent composition comprising a compound (A) having two or more tetralin rings, and a transition metal catalyst.

Methods of sorption of various materials from an environment are disclosed herein. Embodiments of the materials include radioactive elements chlorates, perchlorates, organohalogens, and combinations thereof. Other embodiments pertain to methods of sorption of cationic radionuclides. Compositions produced by such methods are also disclosed herein. Embodiments of the methods may include contacting graphene oxides with the environment and sorption of the materials to the graphene oxides. In some embodiments, the sorption is relatively rapid in comparison to known sorbents; even in the presence of relatively higher concentrations of complexing agents. In some embodiments, the methods further include separating the graphene oxides that sorbed materials from the environment. Yet other embodiments may include desorbing the materials from the graphene oxides that sorbed the materials, and compositions therefrom.