Sensors for detecting analytes are disclosed. In various implementations, the sensing device may include a substrate and a sensor array. The sensor array may be arranged on the substrate, and may include a plurality of sensors. In some implementations, at least two of the sensors may include a first carbon-based sensing material disposed between a first pair of electrodes, and a second carbon-based sensing material disposed between a second pair of electrodes. The first carbon-based sensing material may be configured to detect a presence of each analyte of a group of analytes, and the second carbon-based sensing material may be configured to confirm the presence of each analyte of a subset of the group of analytes. In some instances, the group of analytes includes at least twice as many different analytes as the subset of analytes.

A container for storing one or more items is disclosed. The container may include a surface defining a volume of the container and a label printed on the container. In various implementations, the label includes a substrate, a plurality of carbon-based sensors printed on the substrate, and one or more electrodes printed on the substrate. The sensors may be collectively configured to detect a presence of one or more analytes within the container. Each sensor may be configured to react with a unique group of analytes in response to an electromagnetic signal received from an external device. The electrodes may be configured to provide one or more output signals indicating the presence or absence of the one or more analytes within the container.

A sensing device configured to monitor a battery pack is disclosed. The sensing device may include a plurality of carbon-based sensors enclosed within the battery pack. Each sensor coupled may be between a corresponding pair of electrodes, and may include a plurality of 3D graphene-based sensing materials. In some instances, the 3D graphene-based sensing materials of a first sensor may be functionalized with a first material configured to detect a presence of each analyte of a first group of analytes, and the 3D graphene-based sensing materials of a second sensor may be functionalized with a second material configured to detect a presence of each analyte of a second group of analytes.

A sensing device for detecting analytes within a package or container is disclosed. In various implementations, the sensing device may include a substrate, one or more electrodes, and a sensor array. The sensor array may be disposed on the substrate, and may include a plurality of carbon-based sensors coupled to the one or more electrodes. The carbon-based sensors may be configured to react with unique groups of analytes in response to an electromagnetic signal received from an external device. In some instances, a first sensor may be configured to detect a presence of each analyte of a group of analytes, and a second sensor may be configured to confirm the presence of each analyte of a subset of the group of analytes.

A highly adsorptive structure includes: a substrate; and a carbon aerogel adhered to the substrate, wherein the carbon aerogel is characterized by having physical characteristics of in-situ formation on the substrate, and wherein the carbon aerogel is configured to selectively adsorb and desorb one or more refrigerants selected from the group consisting of: acid halides, alcohols, aldehydes, amines, chlorofluorocarbons, esters, ethers, fluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, halocarbons, halogenated aldehydes, halogenated amines, halogenated hydrocarbons, halomethanes, hydrocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, hydrofluoroethers, hydrofluoroolefins, inorganic gases, ketones, nitrocarbon compounds, noble gases, organochlorine compounds, organofluorine compounds, organophosphorous compounds, organosilicon compounds, oxide gases, refrigerant blends and thiols.

A highly adsorptive structure, includes: a substrate; and a metal-organic framework (MOF) comprising a plurality of metal atoms coordinated to a plurality of organic spacer molecules; wherein the MOF is coupled to at least one surface of the substrate, wherein the MOF is adapted for adsorbing and desorbing a refrigerant under predetermined thermodynamic conditions. The refrigerant includes one or more materials selected from the group consisting of: acid halides, alcohols, aldehydes, amines, chlorofluorocarbons, esters, ethers, fluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, halocarbons, halogenated aldehydes, halogenated amines, halogenated hydrocarbons, halomethanes, hydrocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, hydrofluoroethers, hydrofluoroolefins, inorganic gases, ketones, nitrocarbon compounds, noble gases, organochlorine compounds, organofluorine compounds, organophosphorous compounds, organosilicon compounds, oxide gases, refrigerant blends and thiols.

The invention relates to an apparatus (1) for catalytic decomposition of nitrous oxide in a gas stream derived from exhalation air from a patient. The apparatus (1) comprises an inlet arrangement (2) with a gas inlet (3) for the exhalation air, an outlet arrangement (11) with a gas outlet (12) for an outlet gas, and between these arrangements a through-flow decomposition chamber (9) containing a catalyst material. According to the invention the apparatus is provided with a nitrous oxide adsorption/desorption means (4) in the inlet arrangement (2) for level out variations in the concentration of nitrous oxide fed to the decomposition chamber (9).

Provided are porous polymeric materials, methods of making same, and methods of using same. The porous polymeric materials include crosslinked calixarene moieties. The porous polymeric materials can be added to a sample and absorb/adsorb pollutants present in the sample. The absorbed/adsorbed pollutant can further be isolated from the porous polymeric material. The porous polymeric materials can be recycled.

Compositions are provided for efficient uranium extraction, for example from wastewater, seawater, or other water sources. The compositions can include a functionalized porous organic polymer functionalized with one or more uranium binding moieties, e.g. having a plurality of amidoxime or amidrazone groups covalently attached thereto. The compositions can include covalent organic frameworks, porous aromatic frameworks, and various porous organic polymers, especially those having a hierarchical pore size distribution over a range of pore sizes. The compositions can have functional groups such as amidoxime or an amidrazone covalently attached thereto. The hierarchical pore size distribution can be determined based upon at least 60% of the pore sizes in the range of pore sizes having a pore volume of at least 0.01 cm.sup.3 g.sup.−1 in the pore size distribution at 77 K. Methods of making the compositions and methods of using the compositions are also provided.

A porous aluminum-based metal-organic framework (MOF) comprises inorganic aluminum chains linked via carboxylate groups of 1H-pyrazole-3,5-dicarboxylate (HPDC) linkers, and of formula: [Al(OH)(C.sub.5H.sub.2O.sub.4N.sub.2)(H.sub.2O)].