The present disclosure is directed to methods and systems of purifying solvents. The purified solvents can be used for cleaning a semiconductor substrate in a multistep semiconductor manufacturing process.

A variety of compositions and materials are provided for water purification and remediation. The compositions including multiple functionalities for treating a variety of pollutants or contaminants. The compositions can include a porous organic polymer with one or more of a variety of functional groups for binding the contaminants and with a hierarchical pore size distribution over a range of pore sizes to facilitate enhanced removal of the contaminants. Functional groups can include one, two, or more different functional groups such as amines, halides, ammoniums, pyridiuiums, thiols, imidazoliums, salts thereof, or others. The range of pore sizes can be about 1 nm to 10 nm or more. Contaminants can include antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, selenium, technetium, thallium, uranium, radium, urea, and phosphate. Methods of removing the contaminants from water using the compositions are also provided.

A gas purifying filter includes a first gas permeable body having a gas inlet surface; a first adsorption layer disposed on the first gas permeable body and including activated carbon on which a phosphoric acid-based compound satisfying the following Formula 1 is supported; a second adsorption layer disposed on the first adsorption layer and including a hydrophobic zeolite having a SiO.sub.2/Al.sub.2O.sub.3 value of about 50 or more; and a second gas permeable body disposed on the second adsorption layer and having a gas outlet surface,

##STR00001##

where n is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

Provided is a class of functional soil amendment a C:N ratio that does require a cascading effect to produce solid organic matter and improve porosity. This results in superior carbon capture.

A carbon dioxide adsorbent including a hierarchical zeolite. The hierarchical zeolite defines micropores having a pore width between about 0.4 nm and about 2 nm, and at least one of: mesopores having a pore width between about 2 nm and about 50 nm; and macropores having a pore width greater than about 50 nm.

An adsorbent includes a porous substrate and a carboxylic acid dimer loaded onto the porous substrate. The carboxylic acid dimer is loaded on the surface or in the plurality of holes of the porous substrate. The average pore size of the porous substrate is not smaller than 2 nm. The carboxylic acid dimer is loaded onto the porous substrate by at least one of the following manners: a) the carboxylic acid dimer is loaded onto the porous substrate through a Si—OH bond; b) the carboxylic acid dimer is loaded onto the porous substrate through the exchange between a carboxyl group and chlorine; c) the carboxylic acid dimer is loaded onto the porous substrate through the exchange between a carboxyl group and a hydroxyl group; and d) the carboxylic acid dimer is loaded onto the porous substrate through the coordination of a carboxyl group and aluminum or silicon.

An adsorbent composition comprises a bismuth material, a promoter and optionally a support. The adsorbent composition is suitable for adsorbing an arsenic material, such as arsine, from a process stream.

A composite material is used for desulfurization. The composite material contains activated carbon, alkali metal oxides, silicon oxides, iron oxides, and rare earth element oxides. The weight ratio among the activated carbon, iron oxides and rare earth element oxides is 100:(0.5-5):(1-10). The composite material, used as a sulfur adsorbent, has a higher sulfur breakthrough capacity and desulfurization rate.

A water harvesting device includes at least a first adsorption column including a first inlet, a first outlet, and a first interior region. A sorbent material is located within the first interior region of the first adsorption column. The sorbent material includes a metal organic framework (MOF) material including a plurality of metal ions or clusters of metal ions coordinated to one or more organic linkers, a plurality of nanofabrics comprising a hydrogel material, or a combination thereof.

Natural gas storage units and methods for reducing effects of fluctuating demand on natural gas, a natural gas storage facility including an adsorbed natural gas storage unit containing carbon-based adsorbents; a temperature control system coupled to the adsorbed natural gas storage unit to regulate temperature of the adsorbed natural gas storage unit; and a compressor system coupled to the adsorbed natural gas storage unit to regulate pressure of the adsorbed natural gas storage unit.