This invention provides processes for reducing the environmental availability of one or more environmental pollutants in solids, liquids, and combinations of solids and liquids.

The invention discloses a core-shell structure polymer magnetic nanosphere with a high Cr (VI) adsorption capacity and its preparation method and application. The preparation method includes: adding Fe.sub.3O.sub.4 powder into a mixed solution of water and ethanol, dispersing Fe.sub.3O.sub.4 powder in the solution evenly by ultrasound, sequentially adding resorcinol and formaldehyde into the suspension to adjust a pH, stirring and reacting to obtain Fe.sub.3O.sub.4@RF evenly dispersed in a chitosan solution, dropwise adding the prepared suspension into a mixed solution of paraffin and span 80, stirring for a period of time, adding a glutaraldehyde aqueous solution, stirring and reacting to obtain a magnetic chitosan nanosphere. The magnetic chitosan nanosphere prepared may be applied to adsorbing Cr (VI) in a water solution. Not only the magnetic chitosan nanospheres prepared has a high adsorption capacity for Cr (VI), but also can be quickly separated by an external magnetic field after adsorption.

A moisture and hydrogen adsorption getter is provided. The moisture and hydrogen adsorption getter includes a silicon substrate including a concave portion and a convex portion, a silicon oxide layer conformally provided along a surface of the concave portion and a surface of the convex portion and configured to adsorb moisture, and a hydrogen adsorption pattern disposed on the silicon oxide layer. A portion of the silicon oxide layer is exposed between portions of the hydrogen adsorption pattern.

An anionic sorption agent, method for forming the anionic sorption agent and a barrier system are disclosed. The anionic sorption agent including a modified pseudo or glycol-boehmite base comprising a structure having cationic metal ion sites. The method for forming the anionic sorption agent includes providing a pseudo or glycol-boehmite base and contacting the pseudo or glycol-boehmite base a modifying composition comprising a metallic ion to form the modified pseudo or glycol-boehmite base comprising a structure having cationic metal ion sites. The barrier system includes the anionic sorption agent comprising a first barrier component comprising a modified pseudo or glycol-boehmite base comprising a structure having cationic metal ion sites and a second barrier component comprising a cationic sorption agent.

A composition and method for recovery and/or bioremediation of oil spills and/or hydrophobic hydrocarbons includes (a) cellulosic material, (b) a charged polymer adsorbed to the cellulosic material, and optionally (c) microorganisms combined with the polymer and/or cellulosic material.

Novel chromatographic materials for chromatographic separations, columns, kits, and methods for preparation and separations with a superficially porous material comprising a substantially nonporous core and one or more layers of a porous shell material surrounding the core. The material of the invention is comprised of superficially porous particles and a narrow particle size distrution. The material of the invention is comprised of a superficially porous monolith, the substantially nonporous core material is silica; silica coated with an inorganic/organic hybrid surrounding materia; a magnetic core material; a magnetic core material coated with silica; a high thermal conductivity core material; a high thermal conductivity core material coated with silica; a composite material; an inorganic/organic hybrid surrounding material; a composite material coated with silica; a magnetic core material coated with an inorganic/organic hybrid surrounding material; or a high thermal conductivity core material coated with an inorganic/organic hybrid surrounding material.

The invention concerns biocompatible polymer systems comprising at least one polymer with a plurality of pores, said polymer comprising either polyol or zwitterionic groups designed to adsorb endotoxins and other inflammatory mediator molecules. The inventions are in the field of porous polymeric sorbents, also in the field of broadly reducing endotoxins in blood and blood products that can cause endotoxemia, additionally, in the field of broadly removing endotoxins by perfusion or hemoperfusion.

A chemical absorber to absorb and release compounds includes a porous scaffold of lattices, modified surfaces of the scaffold, wherein the modification is selected based upon an ability to bond with or release a particular compound, and a center hole in the scaffold to accommodate a guide wire.

Composite particles contain a natural stone or aggregate core and a coating of two or more sorbent layers collectively containing at least two distinct kinds of sorbent materials effective for sorbing two distinct contaminants. One or both sorbent layers may be mixed with a water-absorbent, swellable clay that, upon contact with water, causes spalling or disintegration of the coating layer to release the sorptive material into a body of water such as a pond, ditch, stream, or riverbed. Additional swellable or protective layers may also be present. The composite particles are deployed into a pond, ditch, river, or streambed where the core of natural stone remains in the riverbed. The sorptive materials of the two different sorbent layers sorb and fix a wide range of contaminants, including both the heavy and light-weight hydrocarbons, from the water, and settle as a fine sediment. The sediment with sorbed contaminants is then removed by means such as hydraulic collectors or dredging.

A nitrogen oxide storage material comprising: Mg.sub.1−yAl.sub.2O.sub.4−y, wherein y is a number satisfying 0≤y≤0.2, a noble metal, an oxide of a metal other than the noble metal, and a barium compound, the noble metal, the oxide, and the barium compound being loaded on Mg.sub.1−yAl.sub.2O.sub.4−y. The metal oxide comprises at least one metal oxide selected from zirconium oxide, praseodymium oxide, niobium oxide, and iron oxide.