A three-way catalyst composition, and its use in an exhaust system for internal combustion engines, is disclosed. The three-way catalyst composition comprises rhodium, a cerium-containing oxide, and a supported palladium component. The supported palladium component comprises palladium, barium, and cobalt and alumina. The three-way catalyst composition shows improved light-off performance.

The present invention relates to a specific process for the reforming of ammonia, wherein the process comprises (i) providing a reactor containing a catalyst comprising a metal M1 selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, or Ni and Co; (ii) preparing a feed gas stream comprising NH.sub.3; (iii) feeding the feed gas stream prepared in (ii) into the reactor provided in (i) and contacting the feed gas stream with the catalyst, wherein contacting is performed at a pressure of 1 to 50 bara, and at a temperature of 400 to 1,100 C.; (iv) removing an effluent gas stream from the reactor, the effluent gas stream comprising H.sub.2 and N.sub.2.

Disclosed are metal oxide catalysts, and methods for their use, that includes a bulk metal oxide catalyst composed of at least two metals and nesosilicate. The catalyst is capable of catalyzing the carbon dioxide reforming of methane to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

An exhaust gas-purifying catalyst includes a support and a catalytic metal supported thereby. The support includes a composite oxide represented by AO.xB.sub.2-C.sub.O.sub.3, wherein A represents at least one of an element having a valence of 1 and an element having a valence of 2, B represents an element having a valence of 3, C represents one or more elements selected from iridium, ruthenium, tantalum, niobium, molybdenum, and tungsten, x represents a numerical value of 1 to 6, and a represents a numerical value greater than 0 and less than 2. The catalytic metal includes one or more precious metals selected from rhodium, palladium, and platinum.

Disclosed is a hydrocarbon gas reforming supported catalyst, and methods for its use, that includes a catalytic material capable of catalyzing the production of a gaseous mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide from a hydrocarbon gas, and a support material comprising an alkaline earth metal/metal oxide compound having a structure of D-E, wherein D is a M.sub.1 or M.sub.1M.sub.2, M.sub.1 and M.sub.2 each individually being an alkaline earth metal selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Ba, and Sr, E is a metal oxide selected from the group consisting of Al.sub.2O.sub.4, SiO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2, and CeO.sub.2, wherein the catalytic material is attached to the support material.

The effects of different perovskite catalysts, catalytic active materials with a crystal structure of ABO.sub.3, on matrix stabilized combustion in a porous ceramic media are explored. Highly porous silicon carbide ceramics are used as a porous media for a catalytically enhanced matrix stabilized combustion of a lean mixture of methane and air. A stainless steel combustion chamber was designed incorporating a window for direct observation of the flame within the porous media. Perovskite catalytic enhancement of SiC porous matrix with La0.75Sr0.25Fe0.6Cr0.35Ru0.05O3; La0.75Sr0.25Fe0.6Cr0.4O3; La0.75Sr0.25Fe0.95Ru0.05O3; La0.75Sr0.25Cr0.95Ru0.05O3; and LaFe0.95Ru0.05O3, for example, were used to enhance combustion. The flammability limits of the combustion of methane and air were explored using both inert and catalytically enhanced surfaces of the porous ceramic media. By coating the SiC porous media with perovskite catalysts it was possible to lower the minimum stable equivalence ratio.

A NO.sub.x trap composition, and its use in an exhaust system for internal combustion engines, is disclosed. NO.sub.x trap composition comprises a platinum group metal, barium, cobalt, and a magnesia-alumina support. The NO.sub.x trap composition is less prone to storage deactivation and exhibits reduced N.sub.2O formation.

The present invention belongs to the technical field of fluorine chemical industry, specifically relates to a preparation method of trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene, comprising the following steps: preheating trans-2-ethoxy-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene, mixing with hydrogen, reacting to obtain trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene under the action of a catalyst. The selectivity of trans 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene prepared by the preparation method of the present invention can reach 99%, the preparation method adopts moderate reaction temperature and produces less three wastes. The trans 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene prepared by the preparation method has great application value in electric power, electrical appliances and electronics industries.

Captured carbon dioxide is converted into ultra-high purity hydrocarbons, particularly methane. A gas stream containing carbon dioxide is fed to a reactor containing both sorbent and catalyst, until the sorbent portions are substantially saturated with carbon dioxide; non-sorbed species are removed from the first reactor via vacuum and/or purge cycles with high-purity gas; hydrogen gas is introduced to the first reactor to a pressure above ambient; reactor temperature is raised to facilitate desorption of carbon dioxide; and the carbon dioxide is catalytically transformed with the hydrogen gas into methane by recirculating the gas through the reactor. Carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption occur within the sorbent portions, while methanation takes place on the catalytic portions assisted by the sorbent at a temperature substantially consistent with the desorption. Downstream upgrading steps may remove or reduce impurities to produce ultra-high purity methane for chemical vapor deposition or other processes.

The present disclosure generally relates to a silver-based epoxidation catalyst. In certain embodiments, a method is provided for modulating the reactivity of the silver-based epoxidation catalyst, comprising the catalyst being post-treated with at least two different salt solutions. In some embodiments, the treatment results in the deposition of one or more metals onto the surface of the catalyst. In further embodiments, method is also provided of using the silver catalyst to generate an epoxide from an olefin.