Hydrocarbon (HC) traps are disclosed. The HC trap may include a first zeolite material having an average pore diameter of at least 5.0 angstroms and configured to trap hydrocarbons from an exhaust stream and to release at least a portion of the trapped hydrocarbons at a temperature of at least 225° C. The HC trap may also include a second zeolite material having an average pore diameter of less than 5.0 angstroms or larger than 7.0 angstroms. One or both of the zeolite materials may include metal ions, such as transition, Group 1A, or platinum group metals. The HC trap may include two or more discrete layers of zeolite materials or the two or more zeolite materials may be mixed. The multiple zeolite HC trap may form coke molecules having a relatively low combustion temperature, such as below 500° C.

Hydrocarbon (HC) traps are disclosed. The HC trap may include a first zeolite material having an average pore diameter of at least 5.0 angstroms and configured to trap hydrocarbons from an exhaust stream and to release at least a portion of the trapped hydrocarbons at a temperature of at least 225° C. The HC trap may also include a second zeolite material having an average pore diameter of less than 5.0 angstroms or larger than 7.0 angstroms. One or both of the zeolite materials may include metal ions, such as transition, Group 1A, or platinum group metals. The HC trap may include two or more discrete layers of zeolite materials or the two or more zeolite materials may be mixed. The multiple zeolite HC trap may form coke molecules having a relatively low combustion temperature, such as below 500° C.

Embodiments of the disclosure include processes for ring-opening of hydrocarbon species comprising aromatic and cycloparaffinic rings in hydrocarbon feeds to produce ring-opened products. In particular, the process comprises contacting hydrocarbon species comprising aromatic and cycloparaffinic rings with hydrogen in the presence of a ring-opening catalyst comprising a noble metal on a low-acidity crystalline material containing external pockets to facilitate ring-opening of the hydrocarbon species comprising aromatic and cycloparaffinic rings. The processes are useful in the transformation of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to ring-opened products.

The invention relates to a method of making a reinforced catalytic microporous and/or mesoporous bound composition comprising the steps of: providing a pre-formed catalytic crystalline material; mixing the catalytic crystalline material with water, a metal oxide binder, and a reinforcing glass fiber to form an extrudable composition; extruding the extrudable slurry under conditions sufficient to form the reinforced catalytic bound extrudate; and calcining the reinforced catalytic bound extrudate at a temperature and for a time sufficient to form a calcined reinforced catalytic bound catalyst. Advantageously, the reinforcing glass fiber can have a diameter from 5-100 microns and a length-to-diameter ratio from 300:1-3000:1 and can be present in an amount from about 1-50 parts, based on about 1000 parts combined of catalytic crystalline material and metal oxide binder.

A synthetic aluminosilicate zeolite catalyst containing at least one catalytically active transition metal selected from the group consisting of Cu, Fe, Hf, La, Au, In, V, lanthanides and Group VIII transition metals, which aluminosilicate zeolite is a small pore aluminosilicate zeolite having a maximum ring size of eight tetrahedral atoms, wherein the mean crystallite size of the aluminosilicate zeolite determined by scanning electron microscope is >0.50 micrometer.

Disclosed are processes for conversion of a feedstock comprising C.sub.8+ aromatic hydrocarbons to lighter aromatic products in which the feedstock and optionally hydrogen are contacted in the presence of the catalyst composition under conversion conditions effective to dealkylate and transalkylate said C.sub.8+ aromatic hydrocarbons to produce said lighter aromatic products comprising benzene, toluene and xylene. The catalyst composition comprises a zeolite, a first metal, and a second metal, and is treated with a source of sulfur and/or a source of steam.

In an embodiment, a process of making a catalyst can comprise contacting a zeolite with an aluminum solution comprising an aluminum compound at a pH of 2 to 6; calcining the zeolite to form the catalyst; wherein the catalyst comprises 0.1 to 5 wt % aluminum based on the total weight of the catalyst excluding any binder or extrusion aide. In an embodiment, a process of aromatizing methane can comprise aromatizing a feed comprising methane in the presence of the catalyst under aromatization conditions.

In an embodiment, a process of making a catalyst can comprise contacting a zeolite with an aluminum solution comprising an aluminum compound at a pH of 2 to 6; calcining the zeolite to form the catalyst; wherein the catalyst comprises 0.1 to 5 wt % aluminum based on the total weight of the catalyst excluding any binder or extrusion aide. In an embodiment, a process of aromatizing methane can comprise aromatizing a feed comprising methane in the presence of the catalyst under aromatization conditions.

A method of making a catalyst containing nanosize zeolite particles supported on a support material is disclosed. A process for making styrene or ethylbenzene by reacting toluene with a C.sub.1 source over a catalyst containing nanosize zeolite particles supported on a support material is disclosed.

A method of making a catalyst containing nanosize zeolite particles supported on a support material is disclosed. A process for making styrene or ethylbenzene by reacting toluene with a C.sub.1 source over a catalyst containing nanosize zeolite particles supported on a support material is disclosed.