Provided herein are cinchonium betaine catalysts and methods of promoting asymmetric butenolide isomerization reactions using the same.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing a compound of 5 or 5*, or a mixture thereof, that is useful as an antifungal agent. In particular, the invention seeks to provide new methodology for preparing compounds 7 or 7* and 11 or 11* and substituted derivatives thereof.

The invention generally relates to methods of making substituted arenes via direct CH amination. More specifically, methods of making para- and ortho-substituted arenes via direct CH amination are disclosed. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

Embodiments in accordance with the present invention encompass compositions containing a latent catalyst and a compound capable of generating a Bronsted acid with a counterion capable of coordinating and activating the latent catalyst along with one or more monomers which undergo ring open metathesis polymerization (ROMP) when said composition is exposed to a suitable radiation to form a three-dimensional (3D) object. The catalyst system employed therein can be sensitive to oxygen and thus inhibits polymerization in ambient atmospheric conditions. The three-dimensional objects made by this process exhibits improved mechanical properties, particularly, high distortion temperature, impact strength, elongation to break, among others. Accordingly, compositions of this invention are useful as 3D inkjet materials for forming high impact strength objects of various sizes with microscale features lower than 100 microns, among various other uses.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing a compound of 5 or 5*, or a mixture thereof, and/or a compound of 14 or 14*, or a mixture thereof, that is useful as an antifungal agent. In particular, the invention seeks to provide new methodology for preparing compounds 7, 7* and 11, 11* and substituted derivatives thereof.

This application proposes a polyamide-imide copolymer film and a flexible display. The polyamide-imide copolymer film is obtained by copolymerizing aromatic dianhydride and aromatic dicarbonyl compound with aromatic diamine. Wherein, the aromatic dicarbonyl compounds include fluorinated aromatic dicarbonyl compound and non-fluorinated aromatic dicarbonyl compound. The polyamide-imide copolymer film can obtain a very low yellow degree index and dual refractive index, which is suitable for the substrate production of flexible display.

Hydroxy-substituted sphingolipids are useful as constituents in cosmetic formulations. A method for preparing the sphingolipids involves reacting a lysosphingolipid with a hydroxycarboxylic acid or an intramolecular cyclic ester of a hydroxycarboxylic acid. The sphingolipids can be used for therapy or prophylaxis of cell damage, including skin cell damage and cell damage induced by UV radiation.

A method of deconstructing polymer waste into at least one useful breakdown product, wherein the polymer waste contains at least one condensation polymer, the method comprising contacting the polymer waste with a catalyst comprising an organic nitrogen-containing base and a carboxylic acid or ester thereof, in the presence of a protic molecule selected from alcohols, diols, polyols, and amines, at an elevated temperature effective for inducing alcoholysis or aminolysis of the condensation polymer, wherein the useful breakdown products comprise monomer species capable of being polymerized, and the organic nitrogen-containing base has the following structure:

##STR00001##

wherein: R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, and R.sup.6 are independently selected from hydrogen atom, electron pair, and alkyl groups containing one to three carbon atoms, and wherein any adjacent two of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, and R.sup.6 may optionally interconnect to form a five, six, or seven-membered ring.

The invention is related to the sphere technologies for desulfurization and demercaptanization of gaseous hydrocarbons. It can be used for purification of any gaseous hydrocarbon medium. The device includes a catalytic reactor loaded with a catalyst solution in an organic solvent, a means of withdrawal sulfur solution from the reactor into the sulfur-separating unit, and a sulfur-separating unit. The sulfur-separation unit includes a means of sulfur extraction. The reactor design and the catalyst composition provide conversion of at least 99.99% of hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans into sulfur and disulfides. The catalyst is composed of mixed-ligand complexes of transition metals. The technical result achieved by use of claimed invention is effectively a single-stage purification of gaseous hydrocarbons from hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans with remaining concentration of SH down to 0.001 ppm while leaving no toxic waste.

The present invention relates to ligands based on calixarenes, metal complexes including such ligands and their use as homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts.