Provided is a method of decomposing a crosslinked rubber that includes: a first decomposition step of decomposing a crosslinked rubber containing a diene rubber, using a catalyst represented by the following general formula (1), (2), or (3), where Mis ruthenium, molybdenum, etc., X.sup.1, X.sup.2, L.sup.1, L.sup.2, and L.sup.3 each independently represent a ligand, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 each independently represent hydrogen, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, etc. (these groups may be substituted by one or more alkyl groups, halogens, alkoxy groups, etc.), L.sup.1 and L.sup.2, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, and L.sup.1 and R.sup.1 may respectively bond with each other to form rings; and a second decomposition step of pyrolyzing a decomposition product obtained by the first decomposition step under an inert gas atmosphere and in the absence of a catalyst at a temperature of 300 C. to 450 C.

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A process for converting carbon dioxide into a carbon-based molecule catalyzes a direct-conversion reaction of a vapor-fed flow of the carbon dioxide to the carbon-based molecule using a tandem electrocatalyst integrated with the gas diffusion electrode. The tandem electrocatalyst is a nanostructure composed of two parts: a copper or a copper-based binary or ternary alloy, and a metal center coordinated to nitrogen-doped carbon (NC) or a NC containing macrocyclic organic compound. In one specific implementation, the tandem electrocatalyst consists of copper and nickel-coordinated nitrogen-doped carbon (NiNC), and the carbon-based molecule is ethylene. The copper or copper-based binary or ternary alloy may be in the form of nanoparticles, nanocubes, nanotubes, nanoflowers, nanorods, or nanoplates. The metal center coordinated to nitrogen-doped carbon (NC) or to a NC containing macrocyclic organic compound may be in the form of nanoflowers, nanotubes, nanocages, mesopores, macropores, nanofibers, nanospheres, or other nanostructure.

The present disclosure provides compositions and methods for metathesizing a first alkenyl or alkynyl group with a second alkenyl or alkynyl group, the composition comprising a ruthenium metathesis catalyst and a photoredox catalyst that is activated by visible light.

The present disclosure provides for a rhodium-catalyzed oxidative arene alkenylation from arenes and styrenes to prepare stilbene and stilbene derivatives. For example, the present disclosure provides for method of making arenes or substituted arenes, in particular stilbene and stilbene derivatives, from a reaction of an optionally substituted arene and/or optionally substituted styrene. The reaction includes a Rh catalyst or Rh pre-catalyst material and an oxidant, where the Rh catalyst or Rh catalyst formed Rh pre-catalyst material selectively functionalizes CH bond on the arene compound (e.g., benzene or substituted benzene).

The present invention relates to air stable, binary Ni(0)-olefin complexes and their use in organic synthesis.

The object of the invention is a novel ruthenium complex of the general formula Ru-1, in which all the variable substituents have the meanings defined in the description. Also an object of the invention is a method for obtaining the ruthenium complex, a ligand precursor intermediate compound used in the preparation of the ruthenium complex CAAC-1 and the use of this ruthenium complex as a (pre)catalyst in olefin metathesis reactions.